Section 1
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Raised lesion >1cm
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Date created
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Cards (248)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Raised lesion >1cm
Plaque
Lesions w/ varying shapes or sizes
Multiforme
Thickening of epidermis with exaggeration of normal skin lines
Lichenification
Centrally placed nevus w/ a white halo of depigmented skin
Halo nevus (typically benign)
flat lesion >1cm
Patch
Tx of actinic chelitis
Liquid nitrogen Topical chemo
Fluid filled lesion <1cm
Vesicle
Traumatized or abraded skin caused by scratching or rubbing
Excoriation
Rash that has small red papules that are widely and diffusely distributed.
Scarlatiniform rash
Net-like lesion
Reticular
Papules and plaques with a velvety or warty surface
Seborrheic keratoses
Thinning or absence of the epidermis or subcutaneous fat
Atrophy
Raised lesion <1cm
Papule
Hard, darkened plaque covering an ulcer
Eschar
Pink or red macule w/ scale or crust. PE --> Feels like sandpaper, tender to touch What is the dx? How to tx?
Actinic keratoses Liquid nitrogen Topical chemo Photodynamic therapy
Lesion that follows the tract of a snake
Serpiginous
Rash that looks like measles. Confluent red macular lesions 2-10mm in diameter
Morbilliform rash
Very large bruise (Hematoma >10mm)
Ecchymosis
Pink-red papule with a central scab/ulceration and a pearly border. What is the dx? How to dx?
Basal Cell Carcinoma Shave bx
Linear lesion produced by skin infestation & tunnel formation
Burrow
Dx of a melanoma
Shave bx, Punch, or excision
Raised solid lesion >1cm
Nodule
Result of drying of plasma or exudate on the skin
Crust
tx of basal cell carcinoma
Cryo Topical chemo (5fu, imiquimod) Nodular --> C&E or Mohs
Lesions involving the skin around a hair follicle
Follicular
Lesions that run together
Confluent
tx of seborrheic keratosis
None required Can do liquid nitrogen, excision, or laser
Adolescent presents w/ a solitary reddish-brown, smooth mole. What is the dx? How to tx?
Spitz nevus Excision
Dysplastic nevus
A mole with precancerous changes Mild, moderate, or severe
Permanent fibrotic changes following damage to the dermis
Scar
Herpes zoster is known as a ... lesion
Dermatomal
Fluid filled lesion >1cm
Bullae
Linear cleavage of skin, extends into the dermis
Fissure
Lesion looks like someone "dropped" lesions on the skin with a dropper
Guttate
Ring-shaped lesion
Annular
RF of melanoma
Sun exposure Multiple moles Fair skin Fam hx Personal hx Weakened immune system
Series of concentric rings w/ a dark or blistered center
Iris (target) lesions
Melanocytic nevus
Common mole
Permanent dilation of superficial blood vessels
Telangiectasia
Incomplete loss of epidermis
Erosion
Non-healing ulcerations w/ crusty or warty nodules. What is the dx? How to dx?
Squamous cell carcinoma Cryo C&E Topical chemo (5fu, imiquimod) Excision Mohs microsurgery PDT Radiation Lazer
Tx of a dysplastic nevus
Shave removal, punch, or elliptical excision
flat lesion <1cm
macule
Larger flat areas from broken blood vessels
Pupura
Inflamed, sun damaged lip due to chronic UV exposure. PE --> dry, cracked, or scaly chapped lips that is unresponsive to moisturizers
Actinic Chelitis
Appearance of lesions along the side of an injury
Koebner phenomenon
Tiny red dots from broken blood vessels
Petechiae
Exaggerated connective tissue response that extends beyond the edges of original wound
Keloid
Strawberry tongue is seen in
Kawasaki's & scarlet fever
White patch or plaque on tongue or inside of mouth, can turn into SCC.
Leukoplakia Can be caused by EBV or HIV
Section 2
(50 cards)
Well defined milky white patches of the skin in darker skinned person.
Vitiligo
Blue-gray marking of the skin that usually affects lower back & butt of newborns.
Mongolian spot
Lichen Planus 6 P's
pruritic purple polygonal planar (flat-topped) papules plaques
Small red-to-brown nodules primarily on the legs. PE --> Dimple sign What is the dx? How to tx?
Dermatofibroma None required Excision or punch removal
Soft , small, flesh colored skin growths in the neck, armpits, or genitals What is the dx? How to tx?
Skin tags Electric needle Freezing Scissors
Tx of albinism
Avoid sun Protective clothing SPF >50 Frequent skin exams Ophthalmology
Benign, soft, mobile subcutaneous tumor Softer and more fluctuant than a cyst What is the dx? How to tx?
Lipoma None required Liposuction Excision
MC cutaneous presentation of lupus
Malar rash --> erythematous & edematous rash of cheeks that spares the nasolabial folds Rashes mostly on sun exposed areas
Cafe-au-lair macule of >3 in Caucasians or >5 in AA warrants systemic evaluation for ...
Neurofibromatosis McCune-Albright syndrome Noonan syndrome
Eye problems of albinism
Impaired vision Photophobia Nystagmus Strabismus Retinal involvement
Reticulated or mottled discoloration of skin from disturbance in blood flow. MC on the legs. Resolves when showering.
Livedo reticularis
Melasma is MC in
Pregnancy, sun exposure, HRT, CA meds, hypothyroidism
Symmetrical, blotchy, light to dark brown facial pigmentation.
Melasma
Birthmark with tan oval patch >1cm
Cafe-au-lait macule
DLE complications
Slow healing --> white spots Hair loss due to scarring
Pemphigus vulgaris can be due to ...
Meds --> PCN, Cephalosporin, ACE-i, ARB Cancer Infx Trauma
Lichen planus nail involvement
pterygium from scarring at the cuticle
Spider angioma's are seen in
Pregnancy, supplemental hormones, liver dz, and thyrotoxicosis
Mycosis Fungiodes (Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) treatment
Topical corticosteroids & UV phototherapy
Smooth, shiny, flesh colored growths. They form over areas of injury or surgical wounds What is the dx? How to tx?
Keloid Silicone patch Corticosteroid injection Excision or laser
Pt presents w/ erythematous scaly, disc shaped plaques with follicular prominence. What is the dx? How to further eval?
Discoid lupus erythematosus Bx w/ DIF ANA typically (-)
Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis
Purple-red or brown thickened circular plaques.
MC form of chronic cutaneous lupus
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Large, flat, unilateral patch of dark or red skin. Sometimes called a port wine stain. What is the dx? How to tx?
Nevus Flammeus None required Pulsed dye laser
Tx of vitiligo
Topical corticosteroids Phototherapy
Little to no pigment in the skin, results in very fair skin & white hair. Very sensitive to light.
Albinism
Skin CA prevention
SPF >30 Photo-protective clothing Heliocare supplements (Calaguala leaf extract) Sun-avoidance
Types of cysts
Trichilemmal or infundibular
Central red papule w/ radially extending fine red lines. PE --> compression w/ glass slide causes capillaries to dissapear. What is the dx? How to tx?
Spider angioma None required Cryo, electrocautery
non-melanoma skin CA surveillance
3-4 mo's after removal then q6mo's for 5 years
Dx of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Skin bx w/ direct immunofluorescence (+) ANA
Salmon patches of pink or red skin w/ poorly defined borders. Stork bite --> Nape of neck Between eyebrows --> angels kiss More intense in color when crying
Nevus simplex
Tx of melanoma
Avoid sun, SPF 50 w/ iron oxide Hydroquinone cream Topical retinoids Azelaic acid Vitamin C
Koebner phenomenon in vitiligo
New patches around sites of injury
Tx of sarcoidosis
Topical steroids Prednisone
Dx of scleroderma
Clinical, can bx in needed
Pt's w/ vitiligo have an ⬆️ risk of ...
Thyroid dz, DM, pernicious anemia, Addison's, SLE, RA, psoriasis
Baby presents w/ red birthmark on his head. What is the dx? How to tx?
Strawberry hemangioma Propranolol Topical Timolol Laser
Tx of Lichen Planus
Topical steroids Topical calcineurin inhibitors Topical retinoids
Generalized erythematous scaly patches and plaques >5cm present on the trunk. PE --> Lymphadenopathy What is the dx? How to further eval?
Mycosis Fungiodes (Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) Skin bx
Aggravating factors of lupus
Sun exposure, smoking, hormones, viral infx, meds
Benign capillary tumors MC in 3rd & 4th decades of life. Small, round, red "mole" What is the dx? How to tx?
Cherry angiomas None required Cryo Electrosurgery Laser
melanoma skin CA surveillance
q3 mo's after removal for first year q6mo's for next 10 years q1year after 10 years cancer free
Petechiae or palpable purpura of the skin Red spots --> small dark purple bumps May have arthritis, abd pain, or kidney impairment What is the dx? How to tx?
Henoch-schonlein purpura NSAIDs Oral steroids Dapsone Colchicine
Tx of scleroderma
Potent corticosteroids Topical calcineurin inhibitors Diltiazem gel Phototherapy Warm wax baths
Pt presents w/ salt & pepper pigmentation, calcinosis, raynauds phenomenon, sclerodactyly, telangiectasis, abn nail fold capillaries.
Scleroderma
Tx of a cyst
Intralesional corticosteroid I&D Excision --> curative
Pt presents w/ non-itchy polycyclic papulosquamous rash with central clearing on the upper back, chest, and arms. What is the dx? How to further eval?
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus Bx w/ DIF Anti-Ro and Anti-La
Dx of sarcoidosis skin manifestations
Skin bx --> granulomas
Purple, pruritic, papules and plaques that are crossed by Wickham's striae (fine white lines). MC on the wrists, ankles, and lower back.
Lichen planus
Section 3
(50 cards)
Perfectly smooth patches of coin-shaped pattern hair loss
Alopecia areata
Telogen effluvium is hair loss greater than ...
>150 per day
Dx of Irritant Contact Dermatitis
DOE Do patch test to rule out allergic contact dermatitis
Labs seen in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
⬆️ urine porphyrins Abn liver tests Hemochromatosis gene mutations
Female androgenic alopecia effects ...
Anterior parietal/frontal scalp (widened midline part)
Primary vs secondary cicatricial alopecia
Primary --> Hair follicle is the target of destructive inflammatory process. Secondary --> Destruction of the hair follicle is due to external injury (burns, infx, radiation, tumor, traction)
Dx of allergic contact dermatitis
Patch test Immunocap
Tx of allergic contact dermatitis
Avoid agent Antihistamines Topical steroids Oral steroids if severe
Androgenic alopecia tx
Minoxidil (rogaine) Finasteride (Propecia) Work up females for serum testosterone, DHEAS, iron, TIBC, thyroid problems
Tx of pemphigus vulgaris
Topical corticosteroids Infx ppx --> IV abx Analgesia Prednisone IVIG
Pemphigus vulgaris pathophys
Autoantibodies to adhesion molecules called desmosomes --> causes painful blisters and erosions
tx of atopic dermatitis
Avoid triggers Moisturize --> CeraVe cream Topical steroids Antihistamines
Hair loss over the entire head
Alopecia totalis
Telogen effluvium
Club hairs (containing the end bulb) shed excessively
Alopecia can be due to autoimmune disorders such as ...
Hashimotos, pernicious anemia, Addison's, and vitiligo
Telogen effluvium dx
Positive hair pull test --> more than 10% come out with a pull Scalp bx
Painful blistering and fragility of the dorsal surfaces of the hands. May also have hypertrichosis & hyper pigmentation.
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Types of contact dermatitis
irritant and allergic
Tx of cicatricial alopecia
Topical steroids ILK
PE of atopic dermatitis
Lichenification Cheilitis Hyperpigmented eyelids Dermatographism
Atopic dermatitis causes
Soaps, perfumes, pollen, pet dander, sweat, stress
Tx of irritant contact dermatitis
Remove offending agent Flush skin w/ water Barrier ointments Top steroids
Subepidermal tense blisters in flexural areas. MC oral lesions. Frequent exacerbations & remissions.
Bullous pemphigoid
Male androgenic alopecia effects ...
Bitemporal recession --> vertex (crown) & temporal scalp
Porphyria cutanea tarda ia associated w/ ...
Estrogen Liver dz --> Alcoholism, hemochromatosis, hep C
⬇️ growth of hair is known as ...
Anagen hair loss
tx of bullous pemphigoid
Topical steroids Prednisone Abx --> Tetracycline, dapsone
Transitory increase in number of hairs in the telegenic (resting) phase of the hair growth cycle
Telogen effluvium
Round erythematous papules --> plaques found on the arms & legs
Nummular dermatitis
Tx of alopecia totals/universalis
Systemic corticosteroids JAK inhibitors
Pt presents w/ balding and the alp is shiny with no scars to visible follicles. What is the dx?
Cicatricial alopecia
tx of porphyria cutanea tarda
Phlebotomy Antimalarial meds Barrier sun protection Cessation of meds, alcohol Deferasirox (iron chelator)
Hair loss over the scalp & body
Alopecia universalis
allergic triad
Asthma Allergic rhinitis Atopy
Tx of alopecia aerate
Intralesional steroids
Mental disorder of repetitive hair pulling
Trichotillomania Eyebrows and scalp most common
⬆️ shedding of hair
Telogen hair loss
Typical scalp finding in alopecia
Exclamation point hairs 2-3mm in length
Tx of trichotillomania
CBT TCA's --> Clomipramine SSRI's
Pt presents w/ itchy, dry, burning skin 12-72 hrs after exposure to allergen. PE --> papules and plaques around the wrist. What is the dx?
Allergic contact dermatitis
Dx of Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Bx Woods lamp --> Coral pink fluorescense 24 hr urine porphyrin profile
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda is due to ...
A defective enzyme in the liver (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase)
Pt present w/ multiple cafe-au-lait macules, freckling skin folds, lisch nodules in iris of the eye, and neurofibromas. What is the dx? How to tx?
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (Von Recklinghausens) Excision
Causes of telogen effluvium
Physiologic --> Pregnancy, crash diet, iron def, malnutrition, vigorous physical exertion, surgery, fever, hemorrhage Emotional --> death in the family, divorce, financial strain, moving Drug-related --> contraceptives, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants
Pt presents w/ thin-walled bullae that easily rupture --> painful erosions. MC in mouth or genitalia. What is the dx? How to further eval?
Pemphigus vulgaris Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy
Dx of atopic dermatitis
Serum IgE RAST test or immunocap Skin bx
Bullous pemphigoid dx
Bx w/ DIF ELISA --> BP 180 & 230
Hypersensitivity rxn to T lymphocytes
Allergic contact dermatitis
Telogen effluvium tx
Typically regrows within 4 mo's Biotin PO Minoxidil (rogaine)
Pt presents w/ burning, peeling, and cracking hours after exposure to allergen. What is the dx?
Irritant contact dermatitis
Section 4
(50 cards)
Pseudofolliculitis (ingrown hairs) tx
Foil-guard razors Laser hair removal
Tx of lichen simplex chronicus
Steroids ILK Moisturizers antihistamines
Fatal complications of SJS/TEN
Dehydration, infx, ARDS, thromboembolism, GI perf, shock
skin inflammation as a result of venous insufficiency
Stasis dermatitis
Organisms involved in rosacea
Demodex, bacillus oleronius, H. pylori
MCC of erythema multiforme
HSV
Follicular plugging of the hair follicles due to dry skin "Chicken skin"
Keratosis pilaris
Severe inflammatory acne tx
Isotretinoin High dose Vit A Intralesional steroid injection
Tx of pompholyx
Self limiting Top steroids
Types of Rosacea
Erythematotelangiectatic Papulopustular Ocular Phymatous
Tx of psoriasis
Top corticosteroids Vit D analogs Tar shampoo UV phototherapy DMARDs Biologics --> TNF-a-i
Dx of SJS/TEN
Skin bx
Tx of SJS/TEN
Stop all drugs Burn unit Fluids/nutrition Analgesia Ciclosporin IVIG or plasmapheresis
Pompholyx is MC due to ...
Allergies
Nonbacterial folliculitis tx
Avoid precipitating factors Top abx
Stasis dermatitis tx
Leg elevation Compression stockings Top steroids
Urticaria is caused by
food, infx, and medications
Keratosis pillars tx
Moisturizers w/ keratolytics
Bacterial folliculitis tx
Staph --> abx Gram (-) --> abx +/- isotretinoin Hot tub (Pseudomonas) --> Cipro
Hormonal acne tx
OCPs Spironolactone
Tx of erythema multiforme
Antihistamines Top steroids Local analgesia
Plugging of the Ostia of sweat ducts w/ ultimate rupture into epidermis or dermis --> small papules, pustules, or vesicles on trunk & folds
Miliaria
Seborrheic dermatitis tx
Top steroids Dandruff shampoo
Types of miliaria
Miliaria crystallina --> clear fluid-filled vesicles arising in the superficial epidermis Miliaria rubra --> Red papules arising from deep epidermis Miliaria profunda --> Skin colored papules in dermis Miliaria pustulosa --> Turbid fluid or pustules in subcorneal or deep epidermis
Red, injected eyes. Pt states his eyes burn and feel gritty.
Occular rosacea
Steven johnson syndrome
Basal layer skin sloughing off Dusky appearance <10% BSA
Exacerbating factors of psoriasis
Diet, obesity, smoking, stress, or environmental
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Full thickness Sheets of skin >30% BSA
Tx of urticaria
Avoid causative agent H1 antihistamines Omalizumab (Xolair) if chronic
Area of a chronic thick plaque w/ dry or scaly surface caused by scratching and rubbing.
Lichen simplex chronicus
Eosinophilic folliculitis tx
Top corticosteroids Oral antihistamines
Acne vulgaris in adults
Papules & nodules along cheeks, chin, jawline
Intermittent pruritis, scaling, and burning lesions on hairy parts of the body
Seborrheic dermatitis
Pruritic vesicular eruptions on fingers, palms, and soles
Pompholyx
Polymorphic hypersensitivity rxn triggered by infx or meds
Erythema Multiforme
Pt presents w/ pretibial edema, tenderness, and pruritis of her calves. What is the dx? How to further eval?
Stasis dermatitis Doppler u/s
Chronic, progressive inflammatory skin dz of the face w/ telangeictasias, papules, or pustules. Comedones almost never present
Rosacea
Comedonal acne tx
Topical retinoids +/- benzoyl peroxide
Moderate inflammatory acne tx
Oral abx + Topical abx +/- Topical retinoids
Abn immune response to the fungus malassezia
Seborrheic dermatitis
Rosacea flares typically due to ...
Spicy foods, coffee, etoh, sun, meds
Red plaques w/ silvery scales over the extensor surfaces, scalp, palms, soles PE --> (+) nikolsky, (+) Auspitz sign, koebner phenomenon, sausage digits
Psoriasis
Rosacea tx
Avoid triggers Gentle skin care Sun protection Antimicrobials Sodium sulfacetamide & sulfur Doxy or Mino Laser
Dx of pompholyx
Serum IgE, KOH, bacterial cx, or punch bx
Acne vulgaris in adolescents
Comedones & pustules in central face
Mild inflammatory acne tx
Topical abx +/- topical retinoids
Keratosis pillars is MC on ...
upper arms, cheeks, butt
Pityrosporum tx
Top sulfacetamide +/- oral fluconazole
Tx of nummular dermatitis
Skin care Antihistamines Top steroids Oral steroids Phototherapy
Dx of nummular dermatitis
KOH prep, bacterial cx
Section 5
(48 cards)