Section 1
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coefficient
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (51)
Section 1
(50 cards)
coefficient
number placed before a chemical formula that indicates the number of particles required to balance the chemical equation
mixture
two or more substances mixed together
chemical change
a change that involves the creation of a new substance; can be identified by a colour change, bubbles of gas, heat, light, or a precipitate
product
a substance produced by a chemical reaction
word equation
describes a chemical reaction using the names of reactants and products
solution
a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another (e.g. salt water)
combustion reaction
a chemical reaction in which fuel reacts with oxygen to burn and releases energy
atom
smallest piece of an element
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
non-metal
an element on the right side of the periodic table
polyatomic ion
a compound that has an ionic charge (e.g. nitrate, sulfate, hydroxide)
metalloid
an element that has properties of both metals and non-metals
base
a bitter substance that dissolves in water, conducts electricity, turns red litmus blue, and feels slippery
Law of Conservation of Mass
in a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products; matter cannot be created or destroyed
food preservation
slow down or stop micro-organisms from breaking down food (e.g. drying, cold storage, chemical preservatives, canning, irradiation)
element
a substance that cannot be easily broken down; on the periodic table (e.g. oxygen, hydrogen)
mechanical mixture
a mixture in which substances can be easily separated (e.g. salad, party mix)
compound
a substance made of two or more elements (e.g. table salt (NaCl), water (H2O))
ionic charge
the sum of the positive and negative charges of an atom
synthesis reaction
a type of reaction in which two or more substances combine to make a more complex substance
complete combustion
combustion where there is plenty of oxygen; produces only carbon dioxide, water and energy
proton
positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
antacid
a weak base used to neutralize stomach acids
pure substance
matter that contains only one type of material
negatively charged ion
ion with more electrons than protons
caramelization
when sugar is heated it decomposes and turns brown (e.g. toffee, burnt toast)
reactant
a substance present at the beginning of a chemical reaction
chemical reaction
when two or more substance interact, forming new substances
physical change
a change that does not involve the creation of a new substance
electron
negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom
ion
charged particle that results when an atom gains or loses an electron
double displacement reaction
a type of reaction in which two atoms in different compounds trade places
chemical equation
describes a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of reactants and products; includes the state that each substance is in
physical property
characteristic of a substance that can be observed without a new substance forming
decomposition reaction
a type of reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances
element group
a column in the periodic table; elements share similar properties
salt
ionic compound formed as a product of a acid/base neutralization reaction
metal
an element on the left side of the periodic table
neutralization reaction
an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound (called a salt) and water
neutron
uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
skeleton equation
a chemical equation without coefficients
corrosion
reaction between metals and chemicals in the environment making the metal weaker
single displacement reaction
a type of reaction in which an element replaces part of a compound
ionic compound
compound formed when positive and negative ions join together; generally a metal and a non-metal
fermentation
yeast (single-celled organism) consumes sugar and releases carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol) (e.g. baking bread, wine, beer)
positively charged ion
ion with more protons than electrons
acid
a sour substance that dissolves in water, conducts electricity and turns blue litmus red
nucleus
the center of an atom; contains protons and neutrons
chemical property
characteristic of a substance when it reacts with another substance and a new one is formed
incomplete combustion
combustion where oxygen is in short supply; produces other substances like carbon monoxide (a deadly gas) and soot
Section 2
(1 card)