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AP Physics B: Thermodynamics - Terms

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Section 1

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Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (27)

Section 1

(27 cards)

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Front

Spontaneous(natural) heat transfer always goes from hot to cold

Back

Temperature

Front

a measure of the concentration of an object's internal energy

Back

Thermodynamics

Front

The study of physical processes involving the transfer of heat

Back

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Front

A statement of the conservation of energy including heat

Back

Thermal Efficiency

Front

ratio of what we get to what we put in

Back

Conduction

Front

heat transfer by contact

Back

Total Process in P-V Diagram

Front

ΔU = 0, ΔQ = W = +

Back

Celsius scale

Front

water freezes @ 0 °C; water boils @ 100°C; absolute zero @ 273.15°

Back

Ideal gas

Front

a simplified model of a gas where interactions between molecules are ignored

Back

Thermal Equilibrium

Front

objects that are in thermal contact, but have no heat exchange between them

Back

Heat

Front

The energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference

Back

Kelvin scale

Front

water freezes @ 273.15K; water boils @ 373.15K; absolute zero @ 0K

Back

Radiation

Front

heat transfer by electromagnetic radiation such as infrared rays and light

Back

Heat Engine

Front

uses heat to produce work; uses 2nd Law of Thermodynamics to produce work

Back

Internal Energy

Front

the sum of all individual kinetic energies

Back

Thermal Expansion

Front

most objects expand when heated

Back

Entropy

Front

measure of disorder in a system; in the universe - positive

Back

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Front

matter is made up of atoms which are in continual random motion which is related to temperature

Back

Carnot Engine

Front

"perfect cycle" - applicable in reversible engine

Back

Isometric (Isovolumetric) process

Front

volume is constant [W = 0, ΔU = Q]

Back

Isothermal process

Front

the temperature is the same [T = constant, ΔT = 0; ΔU = 0, Q = -W]

Back

Heat Transfer

Front

always goes from Hot to Cold

Back

Thermal Contact

Front

objects are in thermal contact if heat can flow between them

Back

Adiabatic process

Front

heat is equal to zero [ΔU = W]

Back

Convection

Front

heat transfer by a fluid

Back

Carnot's Theorem

Front

if an engine operating between two constant - temperature resevoirs is to have maximum efficiency, it must be an engine in which all processes are reversible

Back

Isobaric (Isochoric) process

Front

pressure is constant

Back