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Unit 7 - Heredity - Objective C

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Section 1

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Elongation

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (37)

Section 1

(37 cards)

Elongation

Front

As ribosome moves, two tRNA with their amino acids move into site A and P of the ribosome Peptide bonds join the amino acids

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front

copies DNA's code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes

Back

Silent mutation

Front

involve a chemical change in one base, but do not change the protein.

Back

During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands RNA Polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into RNA

Front

Describe the steps of TRANSCRIPTION

Back

causes of mutation

Front

Radiation (X rays) UV light Mutagens (chemicals)

Back

Nonsense mutation

Front

Cause translation to terminate early results in a premature stop codon.

Back

RNA

Front

Sugar ribose Base Uracil (U) Single stranded CAN leave nucleus

Back

Silent mutation

Front

Changed DNA still produces the proper amino acid does NOT result in a change in protein

Back

Promoters

Front

regions on DNA that show where RNA Polymerase must bind to begin the Transcription of RNA

Back

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Front

along with protein, makes up the ribosomes

Back

Initiation

Front

mRNA transcript start codon AUG attaches to the small ribosomal subunit Small subunit attaches to large ribosomal subunit

Back

initiation, elongation, termination

Front

What are the 3 steps of translation?

Back

missense, nonsense, and silent

Front

what are the 3 types of point mutation?

Back

mutation

Front

A permanent change in a cell's DNA. This leads to mistakes in Protein Synthesis.

Back

DNA to RNA to protein Transcription and Translation

Front

central dogma

Back

Insertion and deletion

Front

What are the two types of frameshift mutation?

Back

AUG

Front

methionine, start codon

Back

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Front

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

Back

UAA, UAG, or UGA

Front

stop codons

Back

Ribosomes

Front

Read mRNA three bases or 1 codon at a time and construct the proteins

Back

Codon

Front

A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid

Back

point, frameshift, and silent

Front

What are the 3 types of mutation?

Back

mRNA

Front

Long Straight chain of Nucleotides Made in the Nucleus Copies DNA & leaves through nuclear pores Contains the Nitrogen Bases A, G, C, U ( no T )

Back

Translation

Front

the process of decoding the mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Back

Insertion mutation

Front

An extra nucleotide is inserted into the DNA bases are added to the DNA sequence

Back

Introns

Front

non-functional segments of DNA that are snipped out of the chain

Back

missesnse mutation

Front

= DNA codes for the wrong Amino Acid A single base pair is changed to cause substitution of a different amino acid.

Back

Deletion mutation

Front

A nucleotide is removed from the DNA part of the DNA is missing.

Back

A protein

Front

What is the end product of protein synthesis?

Back

protein synthesis

Front

The production or synthesis of polypeptide chains (proteins) Two phases: Transcription & Translation mRNA must be processed before it leaves the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

Back

Transcription

Front

The process of copying the sequence of one strand of DNA, the template strand mRNA copies the template strand Requires the enzyme RNA Polymerase

Back

tRNA

Front

Clover-leaf shape Single stranded molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid Opposite end has three nucleotide bases called the anticodon

Back

Point mutation

Front

involve a chemical change in just one base pair

Back

Exons

Front

segments of DNA that code for proteins, that are rejoined by the enzyme ligase

Back

rRNA

Front

A single strand 100 to 3000 nucleotides long Globular in shape Made inside the nucleus of a cell Associates with proteins to form ribosomes Site of protein Synthesis

Back

DNA

Front

Sugar deoxyribose Base Thymine (T) Double stranded CANNOT leave nucleus

Back

Frameshift mutation

Front

change the entire amino acid sequence after the point of the mutation.

Back