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Angle of Inclination

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (144)

Section 1

(50 cards)

Angle of Inclination

Front

is the angle between the femoral neck and shaft that positions femoral head over middle of knee joint (affects contact of feet on ground)

Back

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

Front

superior: inguinal ligament // laterally: sartorius muscle // medially: adductor longus muscle

Back

sciactic nerve

Front

-consist of the tibial and common fibular nerve wrapping around the common sheath togethers - is innervated by spinal nerves L4-S3

Back

What are the 4 ligaments of the Hip Joint

Front

iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral, and ligament of head of femur

Back

Tibial Nerve

Front

innervates the superficial and deep posterior compartment muscles and further divides into the medial lateral plantar nerve

Back

Fibular Artery

Front

supplies the lateral compartment of leg and foot (branches off the posterior tibial artery)

Back

Inferior Gluteal Nerves

Front

1. Exits the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis 2. Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve: innervates the gluteus maximus 3. Blood Supply: Inferior Gluteal Artery that innervates the gluteal muscles

Back

Sacroiliac Joint

Front

is a synovial joint that is located on the posterior side of the body and attaches the lower limbs to pelvis in order to transmit force from lower limbs to vertebral column that deals with gliding and rotation

Back

How does abducting the hip and standing on the same foot affect your body's position

Front

angle of inclination increases, but the hips are not parallel to floor

Back

Pelvic Girdle

Front

1. attaches the lower limbs of spine to support visceral organs of the pelvis 2. the sacrum is apart of the axial skeleton 3. has a paired OS coxae

Back

dorsalis pedis artery

Front

artery supplying the foot, lateral big toe

Back

Sacral Plexus

Front

contains anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 // contains the superior and inferior gluteal nerve and sciatic nerve

Back

Common Fibular (peroneal) nerve

Front

divides into superficial and deep fibular nerve

Back

Medial lateral plantar nerve

Front

is a branch of the tibial nerve that innervates all muscles of the foot

Back

What is the Paired OS Coxae fused with

Front

the ilium, ischium, and pubis (fused within age of 13-15)

Back

Superior Gluteal Nerves

Front

1. Exits the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis 2. Innervation: superior gluteal nerve which further innervates gluteus medius and minimus 3. superior gluteal artery supplies: the gluteal muscles with blood

Back

Lumbar Plexus

Front

contains anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L4 // contains the femoral nerve and obturator nerve

Back

Popliteal Artery

Front

is located in the popliteal fossa and gives off branches in the adductor hiatus to supply the capsule and ligaments of knee

Back

Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

Front

Supplies the quads, hips, and knee joints

Back

Why is the hip joint stronger than the shoulder joint

Front

the hip joint has less surface area which provides more strength and stability

Back

Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

Front

Supplies the hip joint

Back

Femoral Nerve

Front

innervates anterior thigh, leg, and knee muscles and is innervated itself by spinal nerves L2-L4 (cutaneous innervation: anterior thigh and medial leg)

Back

obturator nerve

Front

innervates all adductors

Back

What is the normal, coxa valga, and coxa vara degrees for angles of inclination

Front

Normal: 125 Coxa Valga: >125 (outward hips) Coxa Vara: <125 (inward hips)

Back

Definition of Hip (Coxal) Joint

Front

is a multiaxial (deeper) ball and socket joint between the head of femur and acetabulum //circumduction, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation

Back

Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries

Front

Anterior: supply anterior leg and foot Posterior: supply posterior leg and foot

Back

Common Fibular Division transitions at

Front

short head of biceps femoris

Back

How does abducting the hip standing on the opposite foot affect your body's position

Front

angle of inclination increases and hips/pelvis are parallel to floor

Back

Medial Thigh: The Obturators

Front

contains the obturator nerve and obturator artery

Back

Lower Limb

Front

bones are thicker and stronger since they are supporting our weight // contains three segments: thigh, leg, foot

Back

Anterior Tibial Artery

Front

supplies the anterior compartment and becomes into the dorsalis pedis artery

Back

Tibial Division of Thigh (muscles)

Front

consist of the long head of biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, hamstring adductor magnus

Back

Deep Femoral (profunda femoris) Artery

Front

supplies deep muscles of the thigh

Back

Plantar Arch

Front

is an arterial arch formed by lateral plantar artery and a branch of the dorsalis pedis

Back

Digital Arteries

Front

arteries supplying the toes

Back

What innervates the leg and foot

Front

occurs in the popliteal fossa the sciatic nerve, which divides into the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Back

Acetabulum

Front

is the joint found on lateral side of the femur

Back

Arteries of the lower extremity (pathway)

Front

1. Femoral Artery 2. Deep Femoral Artery 3. Medial and Lateral Circumflex Artery 4. Popliteal 5. Anterior Tibial Artery and Posterior Tibial Artery 6. Fibular Artery 7. Plantar Arch 6. Digital Arteries

Back

Posterior Tibial Artery

Front

supplies the superficial and deep posterior compartments and supplies the medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot

Back

Superficial Fibular Nerve

Front

innervates into the lateral compartment muscles

Back

Lesser Pelvis and Greater Pelvis

Front

Lesser: is surrounded by bone Greater: open anteriorly

Back

Femoral Artery Pathway (branches off in the femoral triangle)

Front

1. Femoral Artery 2. Deep Femoral Artery 3. Medial and Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery 4. Popliteal Artery 5. Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Back

How does the female pelvis vary from the male pelvis

Front

1. females have a wider diameter/pubic angle 2. ilium are wider 3. sacrum and coccyx are more straighter in females 4. the inlet and outlets are bigger 5. angle of inclination is naturally smaller in women

Back

Deep Fibular Nerve

Front

innervates the anterior compartment muscles

Back

Pelvic Inlet and Outlet

Front

Inlet: is moving into the lesser pelvis Outlet: is moving out of the lesser pelvis inferiorly

Back

How is blood shunted to deep veins within the body?

Front

perforating veins

Back

What does the femoral triangle consist of

Front

it consists of the femoral artery, vein, and nerves that travel within the femoral sheath

Back

Pubic symphisis joint

Front

is the joint found on the anterior side of the body

Back

Veins of the lower limb

Front

-Deep veins: run with arteries and share their names (fibular, anterior and posterior tibial, popliteal, femoral) -Superficial veins: include the great and small saphenous veins that drain blood from the cutaneous regions

Back

obturator artery

Front

supplies the superomedial thigh of skin and contains the artery of the femoral head which travels with the femoral head

Back

Section 2

(50 cards)

Gracilis (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus Insertion: Pes Anserine Action: Hip Adduction, Knee Flexion, medial rotation of knee Innervation: Obturator Nerve Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

Back

External Iliac Artery

Front

supplies the posterior/anterior thigh, anterior leg, lateral leg, and superficial/deep posterior leg with the femoral artery and its branches, popliteal artery, anterior/posterior tibial artery, and fibular artery

Back

Gluteus Medius (insertion, action, innervation, blood supply)

Front

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Hip Abduction and Medial Rotation Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve Blood Supply: superior Gluteal (and inferior)

Back

Vastus Lateralis (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: Linea Aspera and Greater Trochanter Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: Knee Extension Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

tibialis posterior (Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Ankle Plantar Flexion, foot inversion Innervation: Tibial Nerve Blood Supply: Posterior Tibular and fibular

Back

Lateral Leg Compartment Muscles

Front

fibularis longus// fibularis brevis

Back

Flexor Digitorum Longus (Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Ankle Plantar Flexion, toe flexion of joints MIP, DIP, PIP of toes 2-5 Innervation: Tibial Nerve Blood Supply: Posterior Tibular and fibular

Back

What are the anterior thigh muscles

Front

sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Back

Plantaris (Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Insertion: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: Ankle Plantar flexion and knee flexion Innervation: Tibial Nerve Blood Supply: Posterior Tibial

Back

Popliteus (Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Medially Rotates tibia to unlock the knee, knee flexion Innervation: Tibial Nerve Blood Supply: Posterior Tibular and fibular

Back

Anterior Compartment of Leg Muscles

Front

tibialis anterior// extensor hallucis longus // extensor digitorum longus // fibularis tertius

Back

Semitendinosus (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Pes Anserine Action: Hip extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation Innervation: Tibial Division of sciatic nerve

Back

Gluteal Muscles

Front

gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus

Back

What nerves innervate the anterior leg ad its blood supply

Front

deep fibular nerve // anterior tibial artery

Back

Gastrocnemius (Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Insertion: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: Ankle Plantar flexion and knee flexion Innervation: Tibial Nerve Blood Supply: Posterior Tibial

Back

Adductor Magnus Adductor Aspect (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Origin: Inferior Pubic Ramus Insertion: adductor tubercle Action: adduction, flexion, medial rotation of hip Innervation: Obturator Nerve Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

Back

Internal Iliac Artery

Front

supplies the medial thigh/gluteal region and divides into the obturator and inferior/superior gluteal artery

Back

Adductor Magnus Hamstring aspect (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity Insertion: Linea Aspera Action: extensions and lateral rotation of hip Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

Back

Long Biceps Femoris (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Fibular Head Action: hip extension, knee flexion and lateral rotation Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Back

Tibialis Anterior (Action, Innervation, and Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Ankle Dorsiflexion, foot inversion Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Supplied: Anterior Tibial

Back

Vastus Intermedius (Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: Knee Extension Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

Semimembranosus (Origin, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: Ischial tuberosity Action: Hip Extension, knee flexion, knee medial rotation Innervation: Tibial Division of sciatic nerve

Back

Anterior/Lateral Thigh Muscles

Front

Tensor Fasciae Latae// Psoas Major// Iliacus // Sartorius

Back

Rectus Femoris (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: Hip Flexion and Knee Extension Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

Fibularis Brevis (Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Insertion: base of 5th metatarsals Action: Foot Eversion and Plantar Flexion Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve Blood Supply: Fibular Artery

Back

Gluteus Maximus

Front

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur on IT band Action: Hip Extension, Abduction, Lateral Rotation Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior gluteal

Back

Extensor Hallucis Longus (Action, Innervation, and Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Extends the 1st toe at MTP and IP joints, ankle dorsiflexion, and foot inversion Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Blood Supply: Anterior Tibial

Back

Superficial Posterior Compartment Muscles

Front

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Back

What innervates the anterior thigh

Front

femoral nerve // femoral artery and branches

Back

Sartorius (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine Insertion: Pes Anserine Action: (H) Hip Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation (K) Knee Flexion and medial rotation Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

What are the medial thigh muscles

Front

Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Adductor magnus, Gracilis, pectineus

Back

Tensor Fasciae Latae (insertion, action, innervation)

Front

Insertion: Iliotibial tract (IT band) Action: Hip Flexion and Abduction Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back

Adductor Longus (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Origin: Pubic tubercle Insertion: linea aspera of femur Action: Hip Adduction and Flexion Innervation: Obturator Nerve Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

Back

Soleus (Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Insertion: Calcaneus via achilles tendon Action: Ankle Plantar flexion Innervation: Tibial Nerve Blood Supply: Posterior TIbial

Back

Deep Posterior Compartment Muscles of the Leg

Front

Popliteus// Tibialis Posterior // Flexor Digitorum Longus // Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back

What nerves innervate the lateral leg and its blood supply

Front

superficial fibular nerve // fibular artery

Back

Lateral Rotators of Hip (names and action)

Front

Names: piriformis, superior/inferior gemellus/obturator Internus/Externus/ Quadratus Femoris Action: Lateral Rotation of Hip

Back

Flexor Hallucis Longus (Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Ankle Plantarflexion and MP, IP 1st toe flexion Innervation: tibial nerve Blood Supply: Posterior Tibular and fibular

Back

Short Biceps Femoris (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: Linea Aspera Insertion: Fibular Head Action: Knee Flexion and Knee Lateral Rotation Innervation: common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve

Back

What nerve innervates the superficial and posterior leg and its blood supply

Front

tibial nerve // posterior tibial artery

Back

Pectineus (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Origin: Pectineal Line of Pubis Insertion: Pectineal line of femur Action: Hip Adduction, Hip Flexion Innervation: Obturator and Femoral Nerve Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

Back

Vastus Medialis (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Origin: Linea Aspera Insertion: Quadricep tendon to patella and patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: Knee Extension Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

Extensor Digitorum Longus (Action, Innervation, and Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Extends the MTP, PIP, DIP of 2-5 toes, ankle dorsiflexion, and weak foot eversion Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Blood Supply: Anterior Tibial

Back

Fibularis Tertius (Action, Innervation, and Blood Supply)

Front

Action: Ankle Dorsiflexion and weak foot eversion Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Blood Supply: Anterior Tibial

Back

Gluteus Minimus (insertion, action, innervation, blood supply)

Front

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Hip Abduction and Medial Rotation Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve Blood Supply: superior Gluteal (and inferior)

Back

Fibularis Longus (Action, Innervation)

Front

Action: Foot eversion and Plantar flexion Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve Blood Supply: Fibular Artery

Back

Iliacus (Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Insertion: Lesser trochanter and merges with psoas major to form iliopsoas Action: Hip Flexion Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

Adductor Brevis (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, Blood Supply)

Front

Origin: inferior pubic ramus Insertion: LInea Aspera of Femur Action: Hip adduction and hip flexion Innervation: Obturator Nerve Blood Supply: Obturator Artery

Back

What innervates the posterior thigh and its blood supply

Front

sciatic nerve, fibular and tibial branch// femoral artery and branches

Back

Psoas Major (Insertion, Action, Innervation)

Front

Insertion: Lesser Trochanter by merging onto iliacus to form iliopsoas Action: Hip Flexion Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Back

Section 3

(44 cards)

Plantar Interossei (action, innervation)

Front

Action: adducts toes Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Back

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (action, innervation)

Front

Action: Extends MTP and PIP joints of toes 2-4 Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Back

What does the patella articulate with

Front

it articulates with the femur and has some rotation in terminal extension

Back

Intertarsal joint

Front

is a plane joint associated with gliding, inversion, and eversion

Back

Flexor Digitorum Brevis (action, innervation)

Front

Action: flexes MP and PIP joints of toes 2-5 Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Back

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Front

prevents valgus force (lateral to medial direction)

Back

Extensor Hallucis (Action, Innervation)

Front

Action: Extends MP joint of 1st toe Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve

Back

Adductor Hallucis (action, innervation)

Front

Action: adducts first toe Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Back

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Front

attaches to the lateral femoral condyle and anterior tibial plateau

Back

What is pes planus and pes cavus

Front

pes planus is flat foot, pes cavus is high arch

Back

Proximal vs distal tibia and fibula joints

Front

proximal: gliding distal: minimal motion

Back

Menisci

Front

are deepen articular surfaces that deal with shock absorption (inner margin is free and avascular// outside margin is vascular)

Back

What does the Lachman Test test for?

Front

ACL injury

Back

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (action, innervation)

Front

action: flexes MP pinky toe Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Back

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Front

attaches to the medial condyle and posterior tibial plateau (is thicker and stronger than the ACL)

Back

What is the difference between Genu Varum and Genu Valgum

Front

Genu Varum: is when the knees go outward due to varus force (weight is shifted onto medial condyle) Genu Valgum: knees go inward and weight is shifted onto lateral condyles

Back

Dorsal Interossei (action, innervation)

Front

Action: abduct toes Innervation: lateral plantar nerves

Back

Cruciate Ligaments

Front

provide rotational stability and prevent anterior/posterior translation of the tibia on femur// contain a fibrous capsule (both are taught during knee extension/lock)//(ACL prevent anterior translation, PCL prevent posterior translation)

Back

Quadratus Plantae (action, innervation)

Front

Action: aligns flexor digitorum longus tendon to flex toes 2-5 innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Back

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (action, innervation)

Front

Action: Flexes MP joint of toe 1 Innervation: Medial Plantar nerve

Back

Knee Joint

Front

is a hinge joint located between the femur and tibia that is surrounded by an articular capsule // flexion/extension//medial/lateral rotation

Back

What are the three ligaments in the talocrural (ankle) joint

Front

lateral malleolus: anterior and posterior tibiofibular, calcaneofibular// medial malleolus: deltoid (stabilization of medial aspect)

Back

Collateral Ligaments

Front

Ligaments that run along the sides of the knee and limit sideways motion

Back

the medial bump on the ankle is part of the ____ bone

Front

the medial talus connecting to the tibula

Back

talocrural (ankle) joint

Front

is a hinge joint composed of two articulations (between distal end of tibial and talus and the other is distal to fibular aspect of talus) //dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

Back

tarsometatarsal joint

Front

is a plane joint associated with gliding

Back

What is the function of foot arches and what are the three types

Front

Function: prevent pinching of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels Medial Arch: is the highest arch between heel and hallux Lateral Arch: is the lowest arch from heel to fifth toe Transverse arch: perpendicular to other arches along distal rows of tarsals

Back

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Front

prevents varus force (medial to lateral direction)

Back

What is a unhappy triad

Front

it is when the MCL and LCL tear at the same time

Back

Pes Anserine

Front

is a shared insertion site for sartorius, semitendinosus, and gracilis

Back

Tensor Fascia Latae (general information)

Front

is a lateral thigh muscle that attaches to the IT band // extends from iliac crest of lateral condyle of tibia and inserts on gerdy's tubercle

Back

Patellofemoral joint

Front

is a plane joint and is the point where the kneecap and femur are connected in the trochlear groove //gliding

Back

Compartment Syndrome

Front

is swelling due to fluid pressure within the compartments due to thick fascia (anterior: acute syndrome: occurs to a blow to leg// posterior: chronic: fluid builds up due to smaller compartments during activity)

Back

The lateral bump on the ankle is part of the _______ bone

Front

the lateral talus connecting to the fibula

Back

What are the tarsal bones of the ankle

Front

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform bones (3)

Back

metatarsal and proximal phalanx

Front

is a condyloid joint that deals with flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Back

Abductor Digiti Minimi (action, innervation)

Front

Action: the abduction of 5th toe MTP joint innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Back

Lumbricals (action and innervation)

Front

Action: Flex MP joint and extend PIP and DIP joints of toes 2-5 Innervation: 1st toe is innervated by medial plantar// toes 2-4 are innervated by lateral plantar

Back

interphalangeal joints

Front

is a hinge joint associated with flexion and extension

Back

Lateral Menisci

Front

4/5 circle and is attached to the femur (covers a larger portion)

Back

What ankle ligament is more prone to ankle sprains

Front

anterior talofibular ligament

Back

Medial Menisci

Front

is c-shaped and is attached to MCL

Back

What are the two accessory structures

Front

Bursa: a fluid filled sac that allows smooth movement to happen without friction Infrapatellar Fat Pad: protective layer of the knee that cushions tendons

Back

Abductor Hallucis (action, innervation)

Front

Action: abduct the first toe Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Back