Section 1
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Decolonization
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (98)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Decolonization
the action of changing from colonial to independent status
Fragmented state
A state that is not contiguous whole but rather separated parts.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The lending of massive amounts of money to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with restriction strings attached.
Law of the Sea
Laws establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the Earth's waters and their resources.
Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS)
A political, economic, and cultural organization among Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. The objectives of this new initiative are to bridge the economic gap among these five countries and to promote prosperity in the sub-region in a sustainable manner.
Geopolitics
the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state
City-state
a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside
Microstate
A state or territory that is small in both size and population.
Frontier
an undeveloped field of study
Demarcation phase in boundary process
Phase in which the boundary is visibly marked on the landscape by a fence, line, sign, wall or other means
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
An organization whose principle is to form a wider economic community of Central African states.
Apartheid
Definition: Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994. Application: These laws significantly added to the amount of racial discrimination in South Africa
World Trade Organization (WTO)
works to negotiate rules of trade among the member states
Elongated state
A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape.
Antarctica
No one owns it
Halford J. Mackinder
1861-1947, British geographer noted especially for his work in political geography. His writings include Democratic Ideas and Reality (1919). Heartland Theory (1908)
Buffer state
a small neutral state between two rival powers
European Union
an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
Domino theory
the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control
Colonialism
the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. The Berlin Conference encouraged colonialism in Africa. 5
Cultural/ethnographic political boundary
boundaries that mark breaks in the human landscape based on differences in ethnicity
World Bank
an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programmes
G10 (Group of Ten)
This International Organization is made up of eleven industrial countries (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States) which consult and co-operate on economic, monetary and financial matters.
Global commons
those parts of our environment available to everyone but for which no single individual has responsibility--the atmosphere, fresh water, forests, wildlife, and ocean fisheries
Landlocked
surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land
Balkanization
the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another. An example of balkanization is Yugoslavia. 5
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
An international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil
Annexation
the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation
Border landscape
There are two types, exclusionary and inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. and Mexico. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border
Allocational/resource boundary dispute
Dispute over location and resources
Iron Curtain
a political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eatern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region
Confederation
the act of forming an alliance or confederation
Capital
Principle city in a state or country. The best place to locate a capital is at the center of a country, so it is a somewhat equal distance from all parts of the country.
Ethnic conflict
type of conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country
Lebanon
A country in the Middle East.
Definitional boundary dispute
Conflict over the language of the border agreement in a treaty or boundary contract
Immigrant states
States with alot of immigrants
Median-line principle
an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places.
Antecedent boundary
a boundary that existed before the cultural landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area...
Irredentism
the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty)
an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability.
Electoral geography
The study of the interactions among space, place and region and the conduct and results of elections.
Compact state
a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions
International Organization
An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination
Conference of Berlin (1884)
Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies.
Forward capital
capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory usually near an international border, it confirms the states determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention.
Exclusive Economic Zone
enerally a state's EEZ extends to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km) out from its coast. The exception to this rule occurs when EEZs would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 400 nautical miles apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual boundary.[1] Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the most proximate state
Locational /positional boundary dispute
territorial dispute along the edge of two neighboring land owners
Delimitation phase in boundary creation
in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated
Manifest destiny
a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God) Ex: The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.
Section 2
(48 cards)