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AP Chemistry Chapter 2

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Section 1

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nucleus

Front

1 / 39

Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (39)

Section 1

(39 cards)

nucleus

Front

the small, dense center of positive charge in an atom.

Back

polyatomic ion

Front

an ion containing a number of atoms.

Back

chemical bonds

Front

the force or, more accurately, the energy, that holds two atoms together in a compound.

Back

atomic weights

Front

the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occuring element.

Back

ionic solid

Front

a solid containing cations and anions that dissolves in water to give a solution containing the separated ions which are mobile and thus free to conduct electrical current.

Back

halogens

Front

a group 7A element.

Back

alkali metals

Front

a group 1A metal.

Back

neutrons

Front

the small, dense center of positive charge in an atom.

Back

cathode-ray tubes

Front

the "rays" emanating from the negative electrode in a partially evacuated tube; a stream of electrons.

Back

anion

Front

a negative ion.

Back

nuclear atom

Front

an atom having a dense center of positive charge (the nucleus) with electrons moving around the outside.

Back

alkaline earth metals

Front

a group 2A metal.

Back

ionic bonding

Front

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Back

electrons

Front

negatively charged particles

Back

acids

Front

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution; a proton donor.

Back

protons

Front

a positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus.

Back

atomic number

Front

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Back

radioactivity

Front

the spontaneous emission of a stream of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay

Back

metals

Front

an element that gives up electrons relatively easily and is lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor of heat and electricity.

Back

noble gases

Front

a group 8A element.

Back

binary compunds

Front

a two-element compound.

Back

law of conservation of mass

Front

mass is neither created nor destroyed.

Back

Avogadro's hypothesis

Front

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles

Back

space-filling model

Front

a model of a molecule showing the relative sizes of the atoms and their relative orientations.

Back

periods

Front

horizontal rows in the periodic table

Back

law of definite proportion

Front

a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.

Back

binary ionic compounds

Front

compounds composed of two different elements

Back

nonmetals

Front

an element not exhibiting metallic characteristics. Chemically, a typical nonmetal accepts electrons from a metal.

Back

mass number

Front

the total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus of an atom.

Back

molecule

Front

a bonded collection of two or more atoms of the same or different elements.

Back

chemical formula

Front

the representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative numbers of atoms.

Back

structural formula

Front

the representation of a molecule in which the relative positions of the atoms are shown and the bonds are indicated by lines.

Back

groups

Front

a vertical column of elements having the same valence electron configuration and showing similar properties.

Back

families

Front

another word for groups, columns of elements on the periodic table

Back

atomic masses

Front

the weighted averages of isotopes

Back

oxyanions

Front

polyatomic ions that contain oxygen

Back

periodic table

Front

a chart showing all the elements arraigned in columns with similar chemical properties.

Back

ball-and-stick models

Front

a molecular model that distorts the sizes of atoms but shows bond relationships clearly.

Back

law of multiple proportions

Front

a law stating that when two elemts form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers.

Back