Section 1
Preview this deck
Precipitate
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (166)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Precipitate
Solid compound produced from 2 liquids during a chemical reaction. Sign of a chemical reaction.
balanced
the amount of atoms on the left of the yield sign are the same as the amount of atoms on the right, Law of Conservation of Mass (mass can't be created or destroyed)
Periods
Horizontal rows on the periodic table. Elements of the same row (period) have the same number of electron shells
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass cannot be created nor destroyed; Mass can only change forms. The total mass of products equals the total mass of the reactants.
yields
the arrow in the middle of the equation
Products
Substance(s) existing after a chemical reaction takes place. Found to the right of the arrow.
Family/Group
The vertical columns on the periodic table. Elements in the same group/family have the same number of valence electrons. (Except Helium which is in Group 8, but only has 2 valence e-)
Plain Arch
What type of fingerprint is this?
Non-metals
-Brittle when solid -Dull -Poor conductors -Lower melting and boiling points than metals
Transition Metals
Group B elements Form a bridge between the elements of the left and right sides of the Periodic Table (middle of the table). -Non-reactive metals. -Less predictable than other elements. -Paramagnetic properties
Molecule
A chemical combination of 2 or more of the same atoms.
Alkali Earth Metals
The elements in Group 2A of the periodic table. Shiny, Silvery-white Very reactive
Reactants
Substances existing before a chemical reaction takes place. Found to the left of the arrow.
1
How Many Carbon atoms?
1
How many Oxygen atoms?
Metalloids
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Alkali Metals
The elements in Group 1A of the periodic table (except Hydrogen). VIOLENTLY REACT with water, and produce alkaline (basic) substance.
Loop
What type of fingerprint is this?
Period
The horizontal rows on the periodic table. Elements in the same row have the same number of electron shells/energy levels.
Starch
An iodine test is used to detect the presence of what?
products
things that are produced (on the right side of the equation)
decreases the motion of molecules.
Removing heat energy, or cooling
Subscript
Number written after and BELOW an element in a chemical formula telling you how many of the preceding element are needed for that compound or molecule.
chemical reaction
the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
1
How many Nitrogen atoms?
Chemical Formula
The symbols and quantities (shown by subscripts) of the atoms needed to make 1 molecule of a substance.
Whorl
What type of fingerprint is this?
3
How many Chlorine atoms?
Chemical Equation
Written representation of a chemical reaction/chemical change; shows all the reactants and products. Always in the form of: Reactants arrow Products.
Matter exists in three states or phases: solid, liquid, and gas.
A combination of the motion of molecules and their attraction for one another determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas.
Solution is the general term used to describe homogenous mixtures with small particles. Colloids are solutions with bigger particles. Colloids are usually foggy or milky when you look at them. In fact, milk is an emulsified colloid.
What are colloids?
Physical Change
When a substance changes its phase (changes to a solid, liquid , gas, or plasma) or is modified (size, shape, etc) but remains the same substance.
Other Signs of a Chemical Reaction
light, heat, color change, new substance exists
What are the 3 fingerprint classes you need to know?
Whorls, loops, and arches
Chemical Change
Chemical reaction; when substances interact with each other. Original substances are used up.
Bubbles
Gas given off during a chemical reaction; may or may not have an odor. Sign of a chemical reaction.
Metals
Are good conductors of electric current and heat. -Malleable -Ductile -Metallic luster -Solid at room temperature
Halogens
The elements in Group 7A of the periodic table. -Very reactive -Poisonous -Bleaches and disinfectants
protons and electrons
An atom has a neutral charge if it has equal numbers of:
chemical equation
a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products
Compound
Any amount of a chemical combination of 2 or more different atoms.
2
How Many Oxygen atoms?
Chemical Reaction
Chemical change; when substances interact with each other. Original substances are used up.
increases the motion of molecules.
Adding heat energy
The number of protons in an atom of an element
What does the atomic number refer to?
reactants
things that react together (on the left side of the equation)
Ductile
Describes a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.
Malleable
Capable of being shaped. Easy to shape or bend.
Teinted arch
What type of fingerprint is this?
Noble Gases
The elements in group 8A of the periodic table. -Colorless -Odorless -Extremely NONREACTIVE
Section 2
(50 cards)
OH- Hydroxide ions
A liquid is considered a base if it has a lot of ___________ ions
The first way is to put the mass as a superscript before the symbol of the element: 4He 14C 235U The other way is to write out the element and write the mass after a dash next to the element's name: helium-4 carbon-14 uranium-238
What are the two ways that isotopes are generally written?
Electron
What negatively charged particle spins around the nucleus of the atom?
liquid
Which of the following states of matter occur between solid and gas as the energy is increased?
gas
Which of the following states of matter is water in when it's in the form of steam or vapor?
protium
What is the name given to the element hydrogen when it has no neutrons?
7
What measurement on the pH scale is considered a neutral liquid
Atoms
What is the basic building block for all matter in the universe?
protons and electrons
Atoms always have the same number of what two atomic particles?
proton
What positively charged particle is located at the center of the atom in the nucleus?
3 States of Matter
Matter exists in three states or phases: solid, liquid, and gas.
Acids are sour and bases are bitter
How do acids taste compared to bases?
Oxygen
What is the most common element in the human body?
Solubility
The extent to which a substance dissolves is a characteristic property of that substance called its solubility.
H+ Hydrogen ions
A liquid is considered an acid if it has a lot of __________ ions
Condensation
If heat is removed from a gas, the molecules can slow down enough to change from a gas to a liquid.
Evaporation or boiling point
If heat is added to a liquid, the molecules can move fast enough to change from a liquid to a gas.
Clues of a chemical reaction
The clues of a chemical reaction are production of a gas, change in temperature, color change, production of a precipitate.
protons and electrons
An atom is said to have a neutral charge if it contains the same number of what two particles?
heavy water
What is the nickname for water made with the Hydrogen isotope deuterium?
The pH range of acids
carbon
What element is needed to form an organic compound?
Element
What is a substance called that consists of a single type of atom?
Solute and Solvent
Dissolving depends on the molecules of the substance doing the dissolving, called the solvent, and the molecules of the substance being dissolved, called the solute.
Neutron
What particle has no charge and affects the mass of the atom?
Heat always moves from an object at a _______________ temperature to an object at a _________________ temperature
Heat always moves from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.
Water is a good dissolver because of its areas of positive and negative charge.
The mutual attraction between water molecules and other substances with positive and negative charges causes these substances to dissolve.
The number of protons and neutrons
In the isotope Carbon-14, what does the number 14 represent?
covalent
What type of chemical bonds share electrons between atoms?
ionic
What type of chemical bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom?
ice
Which of the following is the common name for the solid state of water?
Energy in a chemical reaction
In a chemical reaction, it takes energy to break the bonds in the reactants and energy is released when bonds are formed in the products.
Freezing
If heat is removed from a liquid, the molecules can slow down enough to change from a liquid to a solid.
The pH range of bases
Endothermic
If more energy is required to break the bonds than is released when new bonds are formed, the reaction is endothermic (the reaction absorbs heat).
Element
Compounds are molecules that are made up of more than one _______.
Bronsted Lowry base
a substance that accepts a proton (H+)
neutrons
The number of what atomic particle varies between different isotopes of the same element?
bonds
How are molecules held together?
A chemical reaction
A chemical reaction happens when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties.
Example of an endothermic reaction
Vinegar + baking soda ( the temperature of the vinegar will decrease about 12 degrees F along with producing CO2 gas)
gas
In which of the following three states of matter are the particles moving the fastest?
melting
If heat is added to a solid, the molecules can move fast enough to change from a solid to a liquid.
atom
Molecules are made up of more than one _______.
Mass (atomic) weight
What characteristic of an element differs between isotopes?
Exothermic
If less energy is required to break the bonds than is released when new bonds are formed, the reaction is exothermic (the reaction releases heat).
0-14
What is the range of the pH scale from lowest to highest?
electrons
Bonds between atoms are generally formed by what particles?
Bronsted Lowry acid
a substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance
water
What is the common name for the compound H2O?
Section 3
(50 cards)
water
pH of 7, no smell, ice cube floats (this is an unusual property of water that the solid form is less dense than the liquid form and it floats instead of sinks)
ions
Physical changes examples
chopping wood cutting paper melting metal nail buttering bread mixing cookie dough
Transitions of states of matter
hydrogen
What element has an atomic number of 1?
Chemical changes examples
burning wood burning paper rusting of metal nail toasting bread baking cookie dough to cookies
water test
use to see if a mystery powder is soluble or insoluble in water
liquids
Which of the following states of matter assume the volume and shape of their container?
NaCl
What is the chemical formula for the compound we call 'table salt'?
They can be shaped without breaking or cracking
Most metals are malleable. What does this mean?
solid
In which of the following three states of matter are the particles the closest together?
noble gases
To what family of elements do the elements helium, neon, and argon belong to?
solution
Salt water is an example of what type of mixture?
solid
What state or phase is the most common 'standard state' of the elements?
Ice is less dense than water allowing giant icebergs to float on top of the ocean. Water is very unusual in that the solid form is less dense than liquid form. Most substances it is the other way around.
Which is more dense liquid water or ice?
vinegar
pH of 2-3, sour smell, ice cube sinks, reacts with baking soda to form bubbles
chromatography
A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each componenet to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.
vinegar test
use to see if a mystery powder reacts with an acid
mineral oil
pH of 7, no smell, ice cube of mineral oil sinks
solute
What is the substance that dissolves in a solution called?
ore
What are rocks containing metal called?
Hydrogen
What is the most common element in the universe?
isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol)
pH close to 7 (neutral), ice cube of alcohol sinks, dissolves indelible ink
protons
The atomic number of an atom is the number of ______ in the atom's nucleus.
75%
Around what percentage of elements in the Periodic Table are considered metals?
homogeneous
In what type of mixture are the substances evenly distributed throughout the mixture?
Isotopes
What are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons called?
filtration
What is the name of this separation technique?
Density
A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of a substance. Density=mass/volume The density of water is 1gm/mL
Ductility
The ability to be pulled or stretched into a long wire...a feature of metals example: copper wiring
alkali metals
What family of elements has only one electron in the outer shell making them very reactive?
beaker
Used to store, mix, and heat liquids in a lab. Not used for accurate volume measurements
heterogeneous
Suspensions and colloids are examples of ___________________ mixtures
salt water
pH 6-8, salty smell, ice cube floats, salt is left in dish as water evaporates
suspension
Which of the following is a mixture between a liquid and a solid where the solid does not dissolve?
By the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base
How are salts formed?
colloid
What type of mixture is milk?
allotropes (for example the allotropes of carbon include graphite and diamond)
What are the different physical forms of an element called?
copper and tin
What two elements are used to make the alloy bronze?
Periodic Table
What is the name of the chart that scientists use to keep track of the elements?
bleach
pH of 11, strong base, used for cleaning
atomic mass
A solution is a type of mixture
Which of the following statements is true about mixtures and solutions?
100 degrees C
What temperature is the boiling point for water?
Viscosity
Viscosity is the degree at which a liquid resists flow. The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is. Water= low viscosity Honey= high viscosity
alloy of iron and carbon
What type of mixture is steel?
mercury
What element is both a liquid and a metal at room temperature?
70%
Around how much of the Earth's surface is covered with water?
atom
Elements are made from a single type of _______.
Water is called the universal solvent
Water dissolves more types of materials than any other liquid
Section 4
(16 cards)