Section 1
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (56)
Section 1
(50 cards)
binary number
Data stored in computer must be stored as
Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle
The process that the CPU uses to retrieve and execute instructions
solid state drive
faster than disk drive, no moving parts, stores data in solid state memory
assembly language
uses short words (mnemonics) for instructions instead of binary numbers
software development tools
Used to create, modify, and test software program
numeric code
Characters are converted to
pixels
digital images are composed of
Byte
just enough memory to store letter or small number
assembler
translates assembly language to machine language for execution by CPU
output
data produced by the computer for other people or devices Can be text, image, audio, or bit stream
floating-point notation
real numbers encoded
utility program
: performs specific task to enhance computer operation or safeguard data
computer
a system composed of several components of several components that all work together
0 and 255
byte size limits are
computers can be programmed
Designed to do any job that a program tells them to
operators
perform operations on data
ouput devices
formats and presents output Examples: video display, printer Disk drives and CD recorders can be considered this because data is sent to them to be saved
disk drive
magnetically encodes data onto spinning circular disk
operating system
controls operations of hardware components
system software
programs that control and manage basic operations of a computer
high-level language
allows simple creation of powerful and complex programs
Programmer
: person who can design create, and test computer programs
low level language
close in nature to machine language
software developer
a programmer is AKA a
Ram
CPU is able to quickly access data in
flash memory
portable, no physical disk
bit
electrical component that can hold positive of negative charge, like on/off switch
Microprocessors
CPU's located on small chips
Binary numbering system
computers use..
software
a program is commonly referred to as a
samples
digital music is composed of sections called
secondary storage
can hold data for long periods of time, Programs normally stored here and loaded to main memory when needed
Central processing unit, Main memory, Secondary storage devices, Input and output devices
Typical major components:
Input device
component that collects the data Examples: keyboard, mouse, scanner, camera Disk drives can be considered this because they load programs into the main memory
software
Everything the computer does is controlled by this
8 bits
1 byte
optical devices
data encoded optically
on/off pattern
The _________________ of bits in a byte represents data stored in the byte
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Main memory is AKA
hardware
physical devices that make up a computer
central processing unit
The part of the computer that actually runs programs Most important component Without it, cannot run software Used to be a huge device
0s and 1s
All data in a computer is stored in sequences of
key words
predefined words used to write program in high-level language
Main memory
Where computer stores a program while program is running, and data used by the program
Program
set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
Input
data the computer collects from people and other devices
two's complement
Negative numbers encoded using
volatile memory
Storage (such as RAM chips) that is wiped clean when power is cut off from a device.
Application Software
programs that make computer useful for everyday tasks Examples: word processing, email, games, and Web browsers
digital
describes any device that stores data as binary numbers
Section 2
(6 cards)