Section 1
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Field Research
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (100)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Field Research
gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey
Theory
a proposed explanation about social interactions or society
Latent Functions
the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process
Beliefs
tenets or convictions that people hold to be true
Qualitative Sociology
in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data
Population
a defined group serving as the subject of a study
Validity
the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study
Hypothesis
a testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables
Micro-Level Theories
the study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups
Sociology
the systematic study of society and social interaction
Positivism
the scientific study of social patterns
Interview
a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject
Correlation
when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable, but does not necessarily indicate causation
Dependent Variables
a variable changed by the other variables
Functionalism
a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society
Surveys
collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire
Independent Variables
variables that cause changes in dependent variables
Social Facts
the laws, orals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all the cultural rules that govern social life
Hawthorne Effect
when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher
Paradigms
philosophical and theoretical framework used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them
Quanitative Sociology
statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants
Grand Theories
an attempt to explain large-scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change
Samples
small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population
Empirical Evidence
evidence that comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation
Social Institutions
patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs
Macro-Level
a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society
Operationalize
Significant Others
specific individuals that impact a person's life
Conflict Theory
a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources
Generalized Others
the organized and generalized attitude of a social group
Ethnography
observing a complete social setting and all that it entails
Sociological Imagination
the ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular
Secondary Data Analysis
using data collected by others but applying new interpretations
Content Analysis
applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand
Random Sample
a study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population
Case Study
in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual
Operational Definitions
specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study
Culture
a group's shared practices, values, and beliefs
Reliability
a measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced
Code of Ethics
a set of guidelines that the American Sociological Association has established to foster ethical research and professionally responsible scholarship in sociology
Dramaturgical Analysis
a technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance
Social Solidarity
the social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion
Participant Observation
when a researcher immerses herself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an "insider" prespective
Scientific Method
an established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions
Experiment
the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
Symbolic Interactionism
a theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)
Manifest Functions
sought consequences of social process
Quantitative Data
represent research collected in numerical form that can be counted
Qualitative Data
comprise information that is subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting
Constructivism
an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be
Section 2
(50 cards)