Section 1
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catalyst
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Last updated
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Date created
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Cards (64)
Section 1
(50 cards)
catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
Enzyme substrate
The reactant that an enzyme acts on
example of protein
meat, fish, dairy, eggs, nuts
Activation Energy
The energy required to initiate a reaction.
Nucleus
The brain of the cell and controls all cell functions
products
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
Each enzyme has an optimal _________ and _________ in which it can function.
Temperature / pH
enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (for example: saliva)
carbohydrate
Class of organic compounds that includes monosaccharides & polysaccharides. Main energy source for body. (4 calorie per gram)
nucleotide
A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
True or false: Enzymes fit with any shape of molecules.
FALSE. Each substrate/reactant has a unique shape. The have a specific substrate the work on
protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids (4 calories per gram)
Chloroplast
Uses the sun's energy to make food for the plant cells. This is also the site of photosynthesis
nucleic acid
Biological macromolecule that stores genetic information. DNA & RNA
Cell Membrane
It surrounds the outside of the cell and controls what materials enter and exit the cell.
Lysosome
The organelle that digests old organelles and breaks down large food particles. Sometimes called the "Garbage Collector"
Nucleolus
The location inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made and DNA is found.
The names of enzymes mostly end in
" ASE" Like with Protease or Lactase.
Lactase works on what substrate?
Lactose in the human small intestine
example of carbohydrate
plants
Nuclear Membrane
Controls what enters and exits the nucleus
reactants
Molecules entering or starting a reaction
Cytoplasm
Cell fluid; jellylike liquid that fills the cell.
Vacuole
Store food, water, or waste
example of N ucleic A cid
DNA or RNA
Smooth ER
This organelle is abundant in liver cells, used to filter toxins, does not have ribosomes attached to it.
Cell Wall
The rigid or inflexible boundary found in plant cells. It is made of cellulose an provides support and structure to the cell.
Lysosomes
Contain enzymes that digest waste and damaged organelles so the cell can dispose of them
True or False: Enzymes start chemical reactions.
FALSE. Enzymes don't start reactions- they SPEED UP reactions that would occur eventually.
The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming what?
Enzyme-substrate complex
Some enzymes reside in specific organelles, such as...
Enzymes for cellular respiration are located in mitochondria
Optimal Enzyme Temperature Graph
The temperature at which each enzyme specifically works at. In this graph it is 37 degrees C or 98.6 degrees F.
Mitochondria
Breaks down food for energy. It is called the "Powerhouse" of the cell.
lipid
organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of fatty acids and glycerol. Stored energy in body. (9 calories per gram)
How do enzymes catalyze reactions?
by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur
Chitin
Makes up the cell wall in fungi cells.
The 2 main difference between fungi and plant cells.
1. Plants have chloroplasts while fungi don't. 2. Plants cell walls = Cellulose; Fungi Cell walls = Chitin
Cell
The basic unit of life. It is the basic unit of structure and function.
Lock and Key Model
Enzymes are specific. The only wok on the substrate that they "fit." Just like a lock has a specific key to open it.
What is the active site?
The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
Golgi Body
This organelle sorts, packs, and ships proteins. This is known as the post office of the cell.
Organelle
A small structure within a cell that performs a specific job.
Denature (verb)
destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation.
Rough ER
The organelle that functions as the highway of the cell and has ribosomes attached to it. It transports materials through the cell.
Ribosome
Makes proteins
polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Cellulose
Makes up the cell wall in Plant Cells.
An enzyme's activity can be affected by what three factors?
Temperature, pH and Concentration of the Substrate
example of lipid
fats and oils
Section 2
(14 cards)