use ATP (active transport)
EX: sodium-potassium pump
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central vacuoles
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(plant cells only) contain most of plant cell interior; exert tugor when full for cell rigidity; functions specialized:
1) store starch, nutrients, waste, etc.
2) lysosome function
3) cell growth by absorbing H20
4) renders large SA-to-V ratio
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cell junctions
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anchor cells together for cellular exchange
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chromosomes
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DNA becomes rod-shaped as cell begins division; includes 2 long DNA molecules and histone proteins
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microtubules
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made of protein tubulin; found in spindle apparatus (guides chromosome mvmnt in cell division); support and motility for cell activity
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bound ribosomes
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attached to ER or nuclear envelope; proteins made function within cell membrane or exported from cell