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Section 1

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monolingual states

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (27)

Section 1

(27 cards)

monolingual states

Front

countries in which everyone speaks the same language EX) Japan, Uruguay, Iceland, Denmark, Portugal, Poland, and Lesotho

Back

Cognate

Front

A word that has the same linguistic derivation as another word (same root as another word)

Back

pidgin language

Front

When parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary

Back

language divergence

Front

occurs when spatial interaction among speakers of a language breaks down and the language fragments first into dialects and then into discrete tongues

Back

language

Front

a set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication

Back

extinct language

Front

language without any native speakers

Back

Subfamilies

Front

divisions within a language family where the commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent

Back

Slavic languages

Front

Languages (Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian) that developed as Slavic people migrated from a base in present-day Ukraine close to 2000 years ago

Back

Topynym

Front

place name

Back

Proto-Eurasiatic

Front

Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of a language or group of languages that predated, and gave rise to, Proto-Indo-European and other language families with Eurasian origins.

Back

official language

Front

The language selected in a multilingual country by the person of higher power

Back

Germanic languages

Front

Languages (English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish) that reflect the expansion of peoples out of Northern Europe to the west and south

Back

lingua franca

Front

a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce

Back

Dialect chains

Front

a set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related

Back

multilingual states

Front

countries in which more than one language is spoken

Back

language convergence

Front

the collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages

Back

conquest theory

Front

One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues

Back

Romance languages

Front

Languages (French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese) that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed

Back

Proto-Indo-European

Front

Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages which hearth would link modern languages from Scandinavia to North Africa and from North America through parts of Asia to Australia

Back

Isogloss

Front

a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs

Back

Creole language

Front

a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in a place of the mother tongue

Back

Place

Front

uniqueness of a location

Back

Hans kurath

Front

published atlases of dialects in the United States

Back

backward reconstruction

Front

The tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" toward the original language

Back

mutual intelligibility

Front

The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking

Back

language family

Front

Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin

Back

Dialects

Front

Local or regional characteristics of a language. Has distinct grammar and vocabulary

Back