Section 1
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violate
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Last updated
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Date created
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Cards (430)
Section 1
(50 cards)
violate
overstep, disobey
abstruse (adj)
difficult to understand, complicated
reticent
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily
jaded
lacking enthusiasm
paragon
ideal model
feckless (adj)
useless, lacking skill, incompetent, futile, indifferent, lazy
caustic (adj)
able to burn/ corrosive, sarcastic in a bitter way
sycophantic
fawning, flattering
retroactive
looking to the past
exhort
strongly encourage or urge
saliently
obvious or prominent
impugned
dispute truth of something, challenge
esoteric (adj)
hard to understand
succinctly
briefly & clearly expressed
unencumbered (adj)
not having burden or impediment
affability (n)
friendliness
manifesto
public declaration of goals
avant-garde
new forms, innovative
supercilious
arrogant, superiority complex
cataclysmic
violent natural event
quiescent (adj)
dormant, quiet, inactive, motionless
licentious
scandalous
circumlocution (n)
evasive speech, speaking around a subject
scintillating
shine brightly
watershed
significant moment in history, turning point
pontificate
express opinions pompously
prevaricator
speaking/ acting evasively
deferential
showing deference, respectful
synergistic
2 things combined > alone
perfunctory
carried out w/ minimum effort, mechanical
deftly
skillful
relinquish
give up
analogous (adj)
similar
onerous (adj)
burdensome
demagogue
political leader who follows popular ideals; mob leader; unofficial leader of the people
precociously
advanced
prudent
wise, sensible
squalid
gross, dirty
sinuously
having many curves & turns
belie (v)
to contradict
penitent
feeling guilty
remonstrate
make a forcefully reproachful protest
ostensibly
seemingly on surface
halcyon (adj)
happy, perfect, idyllic, prosperous, carefree
vitiated
spoil, waste away, impair quality of
fanfare
a short ceremonial tune
buttress
support
assiduousness (n)
diligently working
unctuous
oily; flattering
tenacious
stubborn
Section 2
(50 cards)
sophistry
making false arguments
slovenly
messy or dirty
rancor
bitterness, spite
scrupulous
diligent, extremely attentive to detail
aphorisms
saying, proverb
salutary
producing good effects, beneficial
miserly
stingy, cheap
progenitor
ancestor
stealthy
cautiously, secretively
imminent
about to happen
fraudulent
dishonest, corrupt
ungainly
awkward, clumsy
placatory
intended to make someone less angry or hostile; conciliatory
euphemisms
different way of saying something, indirect, circumlocution
wistful
nostalgic, pensive
yen
yearning, desire
defected
abandon one's country or cause in favor of an opposing one
rancorously
bitterly
deleterious
causing harm or damage
bent
natural talent
avaricious
greedy
pervasive
spreading widely
bolster
to strengthen
proliferated
grow, spread
repudiate
renounce, abandon
prodigious
remarkable in extent, unnatural
dissolute
morally loose, licentious
taciturn
reserved, reticent
disparaged
regard or represent as being of little worth
commiseration
sympathy, pity, compassion
didactic
instructive, learning
patron
benefactor
capitulated
surrender, give in/ up
acolytes
assistant or follower
garrulous
excessive talking, verbose, loquacious
denizen
inhabitant or occupant of a particular place
epistles
letter
paradigms
model, pattern, example
austere
1. severe, 2. simple
naturalistic
derived from real life or nature, or imitating it very closely
benign
gentle, kind, warm
terse
abrupt
ruse
ploy, cunning scheme
detractor
critic
compunction
feeling of guilt after doing something bad
altruistic
selfless
punctilious
showing great attention to detail
solicitor
a person who tries to obtain business orders
nefarious
wicked or criminal
polyglot
speaks many languages
Section 3
(50 cards)
sinecure
easy job
intemperate
having or showing a lack of self-control; immoderate
recondite
abstruse, arcane, esoteric, recherché, profound, difficult, complex
serendipity
the occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way; chance, luck
laconic
concise, terse, succinct, short
recapitulate
summarize
acquiescence
the reluctant acceptance of something without protest
incontrovertible
indisputable, undeniable
quandary
terrible situation
fallacious
fake
extraneous
irrelevant or unrelated to subject
superfluous
excessive, unnecessary
maudlin
over sentimental, emotional
vociferous
vehement, passionate
histrionic
melodramatic
corollary
result, consequence
auspicious
favorable, oppertune
perennial
enduring, lasting, everlasting
mawkishness
sentimental in a feeble or sickly way
munificent
generous, philanthropic
obfuscation
ender obscure, unclear, or unintelligible
fecund
fertile, fruitful, productive
ebullient
cheerful, joyful, bubbly
vertiginous
nauseating, lightheadedness
assailed
assault
bane
headache, nightmare, trial
bolstered
strengthen, reinforce
juxtaposition
the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect
convocation
calling pple for a formal ceremony, meeting
triumvirate
3 rulers
doggedness
persistance
triage
sorting, determining assignment
harbinger
sign, indication, signal, messenger
castigation
reprimand (someone) severely
vacillation
to be indecisive
exacerbated
make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse
clandestine
kept secret or done secretively, esp. because illicit
impasse
stoppage, blockage
voluble
talkative, loquacious, garrulous
impervious
unaffected by , not allowing to pass through
precarious
insecure, unpredictable, risky
parochial
1. church parish, 2. narrow-minded
beleaguered
under siege, blockaded, surrounded, hindered
zealous
passionate, fervent
capitulate
surrender
supplanted
supersede and replace
predisposed
have hunches, prepared, ready, of a mind, inclined
happenstance
coincidence
expedience
convenient and practical, appropriate
idiosyncratic
individual
Section 4
(50 cards)
succinct
short (and sweet), brief, compact, condensed
banal
commonplace; boring
abridge
to condense, to shorten
flippant
casual, disrespectful
voracious
wanting or devouring great quantities of food
stoicism
endurance, fortitude
pedantic
scrupulous, precise, exact, perfectionist, punctilious, meticulous, fussy, fastidious
exonerate
find innocent
callous
insensitive
palatable
acceptable to the mind or senses
austerity
1. strictness, seriousness, solemnity, gravity; 2. frugality
castigated
reprimand (someone) severely
inculcating
instill (an attitude, idea, or habit) by persistent instruction
hamper
to prevent
pallid
pale
becalmed
motionless
apprise
to inform
edify
instruct or improve (someone) morally or intellectually
ratification
approval
fatalistic
the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable
immaterial
w/out relevance
debase
to lower in quality or value
abate
to decrease; to recede
vehement
forceful, ardent, impassioned, heated, spirited
palpable
tangible, capable of being touched
figurehead
puppet w/ authority
duplicitous
deceitful
vindication
clear (someone) of blame or suspicion
emphatic
vehement, firm, wholehearted, forceful
imperturbable
unable to be upset or excited; calm
calamitous
disastrous
sanguine
optimistic
ameliorate
make better, better, make improvements to
resuscitate
revive (someone)
mendacity
untruthfulness
obstreperous
noisy and difficult to control
acrimonious
angry, rancorous, caustic
subverting
overthrow, undermine
resigned
long-suffering, uncomplaining, forbearing
forbearance
patient self-control; restraint and tolerance
eschewing
abstain from, refrain from
denunciation
public condemnation of someone or something
decimate
to destroy or kill a significant portion
stock
standard, conventional
feasible
possible
profligacy
recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources
ruffled
disorder or disarrange (someone's hair), typically by running one's hands through it
repudiation
rejection of a proposal or idea
germane
relevant; appropriate
abet
to aid; to act as an accomplice
Section 5
(50 cards)
quixotic
exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic
precocious
(of a child) having developed certain abilities or proclivities at an earlier age than usual
monochromic
representation or reproduction in black and white or in varying tones of only one color
diffident
modest or shy because of a lack of self-confidence
reticence
restraint, inhibition, diffidence, shyness
protean
variable, changeable, mutable, kaleidoscopic, inconstant
novelty
the quality of being new, original, or unusual; originality
libertine
1. a person, esp. a man, who behaves without moral principles or a sense of responsibility 2 a person who rejects accepted opinions in matters of religion; a freethinker
"whereby"
the meaning of which ("by which")
strident
loud and harsh
ascetic
austere, self-denying, abstinent, abstemious, self-disciplined, self-abnegating; simple
fortuitous
happening by accident or chance rather than design unanticipated, random
callow
(esp. of a young person) inexperienced and immature
querulous
complaining in a petulant or whining manner
staunchly
loyal and committed in attitude: a staunch supporter of the antinuclear lobby
aplomb
self-confidence or assurance
sensationalism
(esp. in journalism) the use of exciting or shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest or excitement
antiquarian
relating to or dealing in antiques or rare books
concordance
formal agreement
racked
she was racked with guilt: torment, afflict, torture, agonize, harrow; plague, bedevil, persecute, wrack, trouble, worry
dilettante
amateur, nonprofessional, nonspecialist, layman, layperson
sacrilege
violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred
starkness
severe or bare in appearance or outline
irreconcilable
at odds, at variance, conflicting, clashing, antagonistic, mutually exclusive
tenuous(ly)
very weak or slight
alacrity
brisk and cheerful readiness
languor
1. fatigue, weariness, sleepiness, drowsiness; 2. stillness, tranquility
zealot
a person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals
heretical
holding an opinion at odds with what is generally accepted
autonomy
self-rule, home rule, self-determination, independence, sovereignty, freedom
The triangle inequality states that...
three lengths can be the lengths of the sides of a triangle if and only if each length is shorter than the sum of the other two lengths.
vicarious
experienced in the imagination through the feelings or actions of another person
interloper
a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or are considered not to belong
maverick
an unorthodox or independent-minded person
sardonic
satirical, sarcastic, ironical, ironic; cynical, scornful, contemptuous
lethargy
a lack of energy and enthusiasm
tangential
diverging from a previous course or line; hardly touching a matter; peripheral
convivial
(of an atmosphere or event) friendly, lively, and enjoyable (of a person) cheerful and friendly; jovial
dissemination
the act of spreading something, esp. information, widely; circulation
profundity
deep insight; great depth of knowledge or thought
cathartic
providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions
insurgent
rebellious
pundit
an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called on to give opinions about it to the public
vacuous
inane, unintelligent, insipid, foolish, stupid, fatuous, idiotic, brainless, witless, vapid, vacant
steadfast
resolutely or dutifully firm and unwavering: steadfast loyalty
refutation
prove (a statement or theory) to be wrong or false; disprove
levy
1. impose (a tax, fee, or fine), 2. enlisting troops
dissension
disagreement
marginal
slight, small, tiny, minute, insignificant
inimitably
so good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique
Section 6
(50 cards)
egalitarian
of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities
perfidy
duplicity, deceit, deceitfulness, disloyalty, infidelity, faithlessness, unfaithfulness, betrayal
magisterial
authoritative, masterful, assured, lordly, commanding, assertive
insolvent
bankrupt, ruined
pugnacious
eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight
dictum
pronouncement, proclamation, direction, injunction, dictate, command, commandment, order, decree
waft
pass or cause to pass easily or gently through or as if through the air
elliptical
cryptic, abstruse, ambiguous, obscure, oblique
aspersion
an attack on the reputation or integrity of someone or something
credence
belief in or acceptance of something as true
autonomous
self-governing, self-ruling
credulity
a tendency to be too ready to believe that something is real or true
indomitable
impossible to subdue or defeat: a woman of indomitable spirit
purveyor
seller, vendor, retailer, supplier, trader, peddler, hawker
decorous
proper, seemly, decent, becoming, befitting, tasteful; correct, appropriate, suitable, fitting; tactful
interceded
intervene on behalf of another
enigmatic
mysterious
astute
shrewd, sharp, acute, adroit, quick, clever
variegated
multicolored, multicolor, many-colored, many-hued, polychromatic, varicolored, colorful, prismatic, rainbow, kaleidoscopic
infighting
hidden conflict or competitiveness within an organization boxing closer to an opponent than at arm's length.
propitiatory
win or regain the favor of (a god, spirit, or person) by doing something that pleases them
acquisitive
excessively interested in acquiring money or material things
jingoism
extreme patriotism, chauvinism, extreme nationalism, xenophobia, flag-waving; hawkishness, militarism, belligerence, bellicosity
wanton
deliberate, willful, malicious, spiteful, wicked, cruel
streamlined
efficient, smooth-running, well run, slick; time-saving, labor-saving
morbidity
characterized by or appealing to an abnormal and unhealthy interest in disturbing and unpleasant subjects, esp. death and disease
scuttled
run hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps: a mouse scuttled across the floor
innocuous
not harmful or offensive: it was an innocuous question
*smaller the slope...
thicker the graph
nihilistic
rejecting all religious and moral principles in the belief that life is meaningless: an embittered
ossified
become inflexible, become rigid, fossilize, calcify, rigidify, stagnate
mitigated
alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken, lighten
politicized
make (someone) politically aware, esp. by persuading them of the truth of views considered radical
supersedes
replace
pliant
flexible, easily influenced
defunct
no longer existing, discontinued
bombastic
pompous, blustering, turgid, verbose, orotund, high-flown, high-sounding, overwrought, pretentious, ostentatious, grandiloquent
ostentatious
characterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice
irrefutable
impossible to deny or disprove
panache
flamboyant confidence of style or manner
redolent
evocative, suggestive, reminiscent
diaphanous
(esp. of fabric) light, delicate, and translucent
dowager
a widow with a title or property derived from her late husband dignified elderly woman
equivocated
be evasive, be noncommittal, be vague, be ambiguous, dodge the question, beat around the bush
bureaucratization
make a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
anomalous
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
ebb
dying out
veer
turn, swerve, curve, swing, sheer, career, weave, wheel; change direction, change course, go off course, deviate.
irascibility
having or showing a tendency to be easily angered
*bigger the slope...
thinner the graph
Section 7
(50 cards)
perennial
everlasting, perpetual
rancorous
bitterly hated
desecration
to violate the sanctity of, disrespect
estrangement
alienation, antagonism, antipathy, disaffection, hostility, unfriendliness
officious
unwanted help, self-important, bumptious, self-assertive, overbearing, overzealous, domineering, opinionated, interfering, intrusive, meddlesome
provisionary
conditional, temporary
denuded
strip (something) of its covering, possessions, or assets; make bare
NOT the "most" number
the "largest" number
sedate
calm
guileless
innocent and without deception, naive
satirical
mocking, ironic, ironical, satiric, sarcastic, sardonic
tempered
moderated
corroborated
confirmed
substantiated
provide evidence to support or prove the truth of
imprudent
unwise, injudicious, incautious, indiscreet, misguided
concession
compromise, acceptance, surrender
tenuous
very weak or slight
trivialize
treat as unimportant
floundered
to stumble or break down, struggle
ubiquity
present, appearing, or found everywhere
placid
even-tempered, calm, tranquil, equable, unexcitable
occlusion
the act of blocking something or a specific blockage
y is directly proportional to x^2
means "y=kx^2"
transitory
transient, temporary, brief, short, ephemeral
extrapolation
to infer
synergy
combined effort
anachronistic
in the wrong time period
complacent
smug, self-satisfied
imprecation
a spoken curse
amalgam
a mixture or blend
impetuosity
acting or done quickly and without thought or care: her friend was headstrong and impetuous. moving forcefully or rapidly
charlatan
cheat
forthrightness
(of a person or their manner or speech) direct and outspoken; straightforward and honest
can split polygons (ex: pentagons) into...
TRIANGLES
intransigence
a stubborn refusal to change your views
despoiled
steal or violently remove valuable or attractive possessions from; plunder
myopic
short-sighted
callousness
insensitive & cruel regard toward others
debilitated
weakened
assertion
declaration, statement
circumscribed
restricted or limited
obstinacy
stubbornness, inflexibility
nonporous
(of a substance) not allowing liquid or air to pass through it
irresolute
indecisive, uncertain
quizzical
inquiring, questioning, curious
NOT opposition "against"
opposition "to"
stagnation
still
hubris
excessive pride or self-confidence
valor
bravery
punctilious
very careful w/ small details
Section 8
(50 cards)
Emphatic
showing or giving emphasis; expressing something forcibly and clearly
Preeminence
quality of having superior rank or importance
lionized
celebrate, fête, glorify, honor, exalt
Tenable
able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection (of an office, position, scholarship, etc.) able to be held or used
Reciprocate
respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one
litigiousness
concerned with lawsuits
impassioned
emotional, heartfelt
indeterminate
undetermined, uncertain, unknown
Decisive
Without doubt
recessive
withdrawn, or detached, and tending to recede
inhibition
1.shyness, reticence, self-consciousness 2. hinderance, obstruction
coveted
desire, yearn for, crave
stringent
strict, firm
Retrenchment
cutting back on expenses
Laconic
Talk using few words
avenge
inflict harm on behalf of (oneself or someone else previously wronged or harmed)
vilified
disparage, denigrate, defame, run down, revile, abuse
burgeoned
begin to grow or increase rapidly; flourish
Incorrigible
Stubborn
effrontery
insolent or impertinent behavior, imprudence
galvanized
shock or excite (someone), typically into taking action
genial
friendly, affable
Raiment
clothing
Effusive
Enthusiastic
ephemeral
temporary, transitory
Tenuous
Thin or shaky
impetuousness
acting or done quickly and without thought or care
interposed
place or insert between one thing and another
Unequivocal
clear and without a doubt
Ineffable
Indescribable
accosted
confront, call to, shout to, hail, address
Flotsam
people or things that have been rejected and are regarded as worthless
precursor
a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner
Impugned
dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question
misnomer
a wrong or inaccurate name or designation
prosaic
ordinary, everyday
vector
an organism, such as an insect, that transmits pollen
Disingenuous
Not candid or sincere
teem
be full of or swarming with
orthodox
traditional
mediated
peacemaker
cajoling
persuade, coax
Indecisive
With doubt
ambivalent
having mixed feelings
attenuated
thin, slender, narrow, slim, skinny, spindly, bony; rare attenuate weakened, reduced, lessened, decreased, diminished, impaired
immutable
fixed, set, rigid, inflexible, permanent, established
Phlegmatic
(of a person) having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition
Dry humor
Subtle or understated humor
itinerant
wanderer, traveler
Reconnaissance
military observation of a region to locate an enemy or ascertain strategic features preliminary surveying or research
Section 9
(50 cards)
prolific
plentiful, abundant
lugubrious
looking or sounding sad and dismal
avuncular
1 of or relating to an uncle. • kind and friendly toward a younger or less experienced person 2 Anthropology of or relating to the relationship between men and their siblings' children.
antipodes
direct opposites
remonstrate
make a forcefully reproachful protest
lassitude
lethargy, listlessness, weariness, languor, sluggishness, tiredness, fatigue
bereft of
deprived of
vertex
each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, or other figure
bellicose
aggressive
abash (n)
shame
miscreants
criminal
reticent
reserved
funerary
relating to a funeral or the commemoration of the dead
auspicious
favorable, propitious, promising, rosy, good, encouraging
infelicity
a thing that is inappropriate, esp. a remark or expression
clairvoyant
psychic
totalitarian
a totalitarian regime: autocratic, undemocratic, one-party, dictatorial, tyrannical, despotic, fascist, oppressive, repressive, illiberal
cacophonous
noisy, loud, ear-splitting, raucous, discordant, dissonant, jarring, grating, inharmonious
sanctimonious
righteous, making a show of being morally superior to other people
propulsion
putting something foreward
disparaging
expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory
irresolute
showing or feeling hesitancy; uncertain
levity
lightheartedness, high spirits, vivacity, liveliness, cheerfulness, cheeriness, humor, gaiety, fun, jocularity, hilarity, frivolity
perused
read, study, examine
dalliance
a casual romantic or sexual relationship. • brief or casual involvement with something
revisionists
often derogatory a policy of revision or modification, esp. of Marxism on evolutionary socialist (rather than revolutionary) or pluralist principles. • the theory or practice of revising one's attitude to a previously accepted situation or point of view.
vitality
power of endurance
dichotomies
a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different
anomilies
something that deviates from what is standard, normal, or expected
bucolic
of or relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life
filial
dutiful, devoted, compliant, respectful, affectionate, loving
comely
(typically of a woman) pleasant to look at; attractive
momentum
energy, force, power
impetuous
acting or done quickly and without thought or care. • moving forcefully or rapidly
temporize
equivocate, procrastinate, play for time
chicanery
the use of trickery to achieve a political, financial, or legal purpose
deterrent
a thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something
reverential
great respect
mitigated
alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken
precarious
those steps look a bit precarious: uncertain, insecure, unpredictable, risky, parlous, hazardous, dangerous, unsafe
mellifluous
sweet-sounding, dulcet, honeyed, mellow, soft, liquid, silvery, soothing
absolutist
the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters
equitable
fair and impartial
futility
pointlessness or uselessness
convival
(of an atmosphere or event) friendly, lively, and enjoyable (of a person) cheerful and friendly; jovial
sundry
various, miscellaneous
panacea
universal cure
bifurcations
the division of something into two branches or parts
profiteer
make or seek to make an excessive or unfair profit, esp. illegally or in a black market
deferential
respectful
Section 10
(50 cards)
stymied
prevent or hinder the progress of
appraisals
an act of assessing something or someone • an expert estimate of the value of something
ambivalent
having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone
remiss
negligent, neglectful, irresponsible, careless, thoughtless, heedless, lax, slack, slipshod, lackadaisical
incumbent
1 [ predic. ] (incumbent on/upon) necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility 2 [ attrib. ] (of an official or regime) currently holding office
indictment
1 Law a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime 2 a thing that serves to illustrate that a system or situation is bad and deserves to be condemned
treacly
overly sentimental
prosaic
ordinary
equitable
fair and impartial
propensity
tendency, inclination, predisposition, proneness, proclivity
cursory
hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed
eulogy
a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly, typically someone who has just died
shroud
something that cloaks or covers
vacillated
alternate or waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
polarized
divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
trepidation
fear, apprehension, dread, fearfulness, fright, agitation, anxiety, worry, nervousness
intermittent
sporadic, irregular, fitful, spasmodic, broken, fragmentary
fidelity
faithfulness, loyalty, constancy; trueheartedness, trustworthiness, dependability
recede
1 retreat, go back, go down, move back, move away, withdraw, ebb, subside, abate. ANTONYMS advance, approach. 2 disappear from view, fade, be lost to view, pass from sight. 3 diminish, lessen, decrease, dwindle, fade, abate, subside, ebb, wane. ANTONYMS intensify, grow.
petulant
(of a person or their manner) childishly sulky or bad-tempered
consummate
complete
concord
agreement, harmony, accord, consensus
conceded
1 [ reporting verb ] admit that something is true or valid after first denying or resisting it • [ with obj. ] admit (defeat) in a contest • [ with obj. ] admit defeat in (a contest) 2 [ with obj. ] surrender or yield (something that one possesses) • grant (a right, privilege, or demand) • (in sports) fail to prevent the scoring of (a goal or point) by an opponent • allow (a lead or advantage) to slip
positive slope
positive infinity
infidelity
disloyalty
stagnation
(of water or air) cease to flow or move • cease developing; become inactive or dull
sedate
calm, dignified, and unhurried
joviality
cheerful and friendly: she was in a jovial mood
vindication
clear (someone) of blame or suspicion
adverse to
preventing success or development; harmful; unfavorable
discursive
1 rambling, digressive, meandering, wandering, maundering, diffuse, long, lengthy, wordy, verbose, long-winded, prolix; circuitous, roundabout, circumlocutory; informal waffly. 2 fluent, flowing, fluid, eloquent, expansive.
mercenary
money-oriented, grasping, greedy, acquisitive, avaricious, covetous, bribable, venal, materialistic
negative slope
negative infinity
sedulous
diligent, careful, meticulous, thorough, assiduous
dislodge
knock or force out of position remove from a position of power or authority:
formidable
inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable
in quadratic function: g(x)= ax^2 + bx + c ...a affects & c affects
+a: graph open up, -a: graph open down +c: positive y- int, -c: negative y- int
vacillate
alternate or waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
contemptuous
scornful, disdainful, disrespectful, insulting, insolent, derisive, mocking, sneering
ineffable
indescribable
autonomy
self-rule
jocularity
fond of or characterized by joking; humorous or playful
quelled
put an end to, put a stop to, end, crush, put down, check, crack down on, curb, nip in the bud, squash, quash, subdue, suppress, overcome; informal squelch. calm, soothe, pacify, settle, quiet, silence, allay, assuage, mitigate, moderate; literary stay.
ambiguous
obscure, unclear
chauvinistic
feeling or displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism. • displaying excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or sex.
conflagration
an extensive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property
judicious
sensible
commensurate
corresponding in size or degree; in proportion
consecrated
sanctify, bless, make holy, make sacred; dedicate to God
circuitous
(of a route or journey) longer than the most direct way
Section 11
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soporific
tending to induce drowsiness or sleep • sleepy or drowsy • tediously boring or monotonous
intransigence
unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something.
fundamentalism
a form of a religion, especially Islam or Protestant Christianity, that upholds belief in the strict, literal interpretation of scripture. • strict adherence to the basic principles of any subject or discipline
equanimity
mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, esp. in a difficult situation
converge
(of several people or things) come together from different directions so as eventually to meet
hitherto
previously, formerly, earlier, before, beforehand; so far, thus far, to date, as yet, until now
eclectic
wide-ranging, broad-based, extensive, comprehensive, encyclopedic; varied, diverse, catholic, all-embracing, multifaceted, multifarious, heterogeneous, miscellaneous, assorted.
inadvertently
without intention; accidentally
impunity
exemption from punishment or freedom from the injurious consequences of an action
polemical
critical, hostile, bitter, virulent, vitriolic, venomous, caustic, trenchant
dogmatic
inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true
amenable
open and responsive to suggestion; easily persuaded or controlled • capable of being acted upon in a particular way; susceptible to
lofty
1 of imposing height • of a noble or exalted nature: an extraordinary mixture of harsh reality and lofty ideals. • proud, aloof, or self-important 2 (of wool and other textiles) thick and resilient
cantankerous
bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative:
vilified
speak or write about in an abusively disparaging manner
inundation
1 an overwhelming abundance of people or things 2 flooding
blitheness
showing a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper
disparage
regard or represent as being of little worth
adulation
obsequious flattery; excessive admiration or praise:
liberality
1. the quality of giving or spending freely. 2.the quality of being open to new ideas and free from prejudice.
elliptical
1 (of speech or writing) using or involving ellipsis, esp. so as to be difficult to understand
thresholds
1 doorstep, doorway, entrance, entry, door, gate, gateway, portal, doorsill. 2 start, beginning, commencement, brink, verge, cusp, dawn, inception, day one, opening, debut; informal kickoff. 3 lower limit, minimum.
coinciding
1 occur simultaneously, happen together, be concurrent, concur, coexist. 2 correspond, tally, agree, accord, concur, match, fit, be consistent, equate, harmonize, be compatible
conspicuous
easily seen, clear, visible, noticeable, discernible, perceptible, detectable; obvious, manifest, evident, apparent, marked
effrontery
insolent or impertinent behavior
ephemeral
transitory, transient, fleeting, passing, short-lived, momentary, brief, short; temporary, impermanent, short-term; fly-by-night
protracted
lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual
reviling
criticize, censure, condemn, attack, inveigh against, rail against, castigate, lambaste, denounce; slander, libel
clauses
section, paragraph, article, subsection; stipulation, condition, proviso, rider.
disseminate
spread or disperse
raucous
making or constituting a disturbingly harsh and loud noise
deriding
ridicule, mock, scoff at, jibe at, make fun of, poke fun at, laugh at
alacrity
brisk and cheerful readiness
galvanized
jolt, shock, startle, impel, stir, spur, prod, urge, motivate, stimulate
vindicate
clear (someone) of blame or suspicion • show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified
autonomous
self-governing, self-ruling, self-determining, independent, sovereign, free, unmonitored.
cumbersome
1 unwieldy, unmanageable, awkward, clumsy, inconvenient, incommodious; bulky, large, heavy, hefty, weighty, burdensome; informal hulking, clunky. 2 complicated, complex, involved, inefficient, unwieldy, slow.
decried
denounce, condemn, criticize, censure, attack, rail against, run down
hackneyed
overused, overdone, overworked, worn out, timeworn, platitudinous, vapid, stale
fulsome
1 complimentary or flattering to an excessive degree 2 of large size or quantity; generous or abundant
dogmatism
the tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others
efficacious
(typically of something inanimate or abstract) successful in producing a desired or intended result; effective
lauds
praise, extol, hail, applaud, acclaim, commend, sing the praises of, speak highly of
doctrinaire
dogmatic, rigid, inflexible, uncompromising; authoritarian, intolerant, fanatical, zealous, extreme.
orthodox
1 conventional, mainstream, conformist, established, well-established, traditional, traditionalist, prevalent, popular, conservative, unoriginal. 2 conservative, traditional, observant, devout, strict.
callous
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others
licentiousness
1 promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters. 2 archaic disregarding accepted rules or conventions, esp. in grammar or literary style.
soliciting
1 ask for, request, seek, apply for, put in for, call for, press for, beg, plead for. 2 ask, petition, importune, implore, plead with, entreat, appeal to, lobby, beg, supplicate, call on, press; literary beseech.
discrepancy
a lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts
opaque
not able to be seen through; not transparent • (esp. of language) hard or impossible to understand; unfathomable
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patronage
1 sponsorship, backing, funding, financing, promotion, assistance, support. 2 power of appointment, favoritism, nepotism, preferential treatment, cronyism, pork-barreling. 3 custom, trade, business.
incongruity
not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something
reticent
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily
contrived
forced, strained, studied, artificial, affected
inscrutable
impossible to understand or interpret
facetious
treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant
poignant
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret: a poignant reminder of the passing of time
conjecture
an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information
multifarious
diverse, many, numerous, various, varied, diversified, multiple, multitudinous
transient
transitory, temporary, short-lived, short-term, ephemeral, impermanent, brief, short, momentary
propitious
giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable
reticent
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily:
somnolent
sleepy; drowsy. • causing or suggestive of drowsiness: a somnolent summer day. • Medicine abnormally drowsy.
vitriolic
filled with bitter criticism or malice
cataloged
a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or other systematic order, in particular
anachronistic
a thing belonging or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists, esp. a thing that is conspicuously old-fashioned • an act of attributing a custom, event, or object to a period to which it does not belong. DERIVATIVES
susceptible
1 likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing • (of a person) easily influenced by feelings or emotions; sensitive
profusion
abundance
metropolis
the capital or chief city of a country or region
sanguine
optimistic, bullish, hopeful
resilient
(of a substance or object) able to recoil or spring back into shape after bending, stretching, or being compressed. • (of a person or animal) able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
pertinent
relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite
treatise
disquisition, essay, paper, work, exposition, discourse, dissertation, thesis, monograph, opus, oeuvre, study, critique; tract, pamphlet, account.
autonomy
self-gov
emporium
a large retail store selling a wide variety of goods a business establishment that specializes in products or services on a large scale (often used for humorously formal effect)
avuncular
1 of or relating to an uncle. • kind and friendly toward a younger or less experienced person 2 Anthropology of or relating to the relationship between men and their siblings' children.
slipshod
careless, lackadaisical, slapdash, disorganized, haphazard, hit-or-miss, untidy
adroit
clever or skillful in using the hands or mind: he was adroit at tax avoidance.
prescient
having or showing knowledge of events before they take place: a prescient warning.
eschew
abstain from, refrain from, give up, forgo
byzantine
situation) excessively complicated, typically involving a great deal of administrative detail: • characterized by deviousness or underhanded procedure
constitute
be (a part) of a whole • (of people or things) combine to form (a whole) • be or be equivalent to (something)
doctrinaire
dogmatic, rigid, inflexible, uncompromising; authoritarian, intolerant, fanatical, zealous, extreme
ardor
passion, fervor, zeal, vehemence, intensity, verve, fire, emotion; enthusiasm, eagerness, avidity, gusto, keenness, dedication.
malleable
1 pliable, ductile, plastic, pliant, soft, workable. ANTONYMS hard. 2 easily influenced, suggestible, susceptible, impressionable, pliable, amenable, compliant, tractable; biddable, complaisant, manipulable, persuadable, like putty in someone's hands.
surly
bad-tempered and unfriendly
baleful
menacing, threatening, unfriendly, hostile, antagonistic, evil, evil-intentioned
sedulous
(of a person or action) showing dedication and diligence
jocular
fond of or characterized by joking; humorous or playful
placid
(of a person or animal) not easily upset or excited: • (esp. of a place or stretch of water) calm and peaceful, with little movement or activity
ubiquitous
present, appearing, or found everywhere
obdurate
stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action
subsidize
support (an organization or activity) financially
tractable
malleable, manageable, amenable, pliable, governable, yielding, complaisant, compliant, game, persuadable, accommodating, docile
reproach
reprimand
dilatory
slow
ebullient
exuberant, buoyant, cheerful, joyful, cheery, merry, jolly, sunny, jaunty, lighthearted
dogmatic
opinionated, peremptory, assertive, insistent, emphatic, adamant, doctrinaire
extrapolate
estimate or conclude (something)
consummate
complete something or highly skilled
Section 13
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fitful
intermittent, sporadic, spasmodic, broken, disturbed, disrupted, patchy, irregular, uneven, unsettled; informal herky-jerky.
altruism
the belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others
insurrection
a violent uprising against an authority or government
dissonance
lack of harmony among musical notes
quadrilaterals
360 degrees
stratified
form or arrange into strata
empirical
experimental
rudimentary
basic, elementary, primary, fundamental, essential
nonpartisans
a lack of affiliation with a political party
proponents
advocate, champion, supporter, backer, promoter, protagonist, campaigner, booster, cheerleader.
stockpiling
a large accumulated stock of goods or materials, esp. one held in reserve for use at a time of shortage or other emergency
integrates
combine
apolitical
not interested or involved in politics
corollary
consequence, result, end result, upshot, effect, repercussion, product, by-product, offshoot.
subversive
disruptive troublemaker
corrective
remedial
plaudits
praise
arcane
mysterious
insipid
asteless, flavorless, bland, weak, wishy-washy; unappetizing, unpalatable. ANTONYMS tasty. unimaginative, uninspired, uninspiring, characterless, flat, uninteresting, lackluster, dull, drab, boring, dry, humdrum, ho-hum, monochrome, tedious, uneventful, run-of
insofar
to the extent that
distension
swell or cause to swell by pressure from inside
resolute
determined
inversely proportional
xk= y
opulence
great wealth or luxuriousness
fissure
a state of incompatibility or disagreement split or crack (something) to form a long narrow opening
modicum
small amount
centennial
of or relating to a hundredth anniversary
odoriferous
having or giving off a smell, esp. an unpleasant or distinctive one
countenance
a person's face or facial expression support admit as acceptable or possible
engender
be the cause of
tout
1 peddle, sell, hawk, offer for sale, promote. 2 solicit, seek, drum up; ask for, petition for, appeal for. 3 recommend, speak of, extol, advocate, talk of; predict.
precursor
a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner
receptivity
able or willing to receive something, esp. signals or stimuli.
seditious
inciting or causing people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch
pathos
tragedy
effacement
erase (a mark) from a surface make oneself appear insignificant or inconspicuous.
tactile
of or connected with the sense of touch perceptible by touch or apparently so; tangible designed to be perceived by touch.
sophistry
the use of fallacious arguments, esp. with the intention of deceiving. • a fallacious argument.
archaic
very old or old-fashioned
acumen
astuteness, shrewdness, acuity, sharpness, sharp-wittedness, cleverness, smartness, brains; judgment, understanding, awareness, sense, common sense, canniness
obsequious
obedient or attentive to an excessive or servile degree
ascertain
find out, discover, get to know, work out, make out
proportional
y=kx
pervasive
prevalent
tandem
a bicycle with seats and pedals for two riders, one behind the other. • a carriage driven by two animals harnessed one in front of the other. • a group of two people or machines working together.
husbandry
1 the care, cultivation, and breeding of crops and animals 2 management and conservation of resources.
pedagogy
the method and practice of teaching, esp. as an academic subject or theoretical concept
extirpation
root out and destroy completely
soporific
1 sleep-inducing, sedative, somnolent, calmative, tranquilizing, narcotic, opiate; drowsy, sleepy, somniferous; Medicine hypnotic. ANTONYMS invigorating. 2 boring, tedious, tired, dreary, turgid, dry
curtails
reduce
Section 14
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invigorate
give strength or energy to: the shower had invigorated her
decried
publicly denounce
virtuosity
skillful
exploit
make full use of and derive benefit from (a resource)
synchrony
simultaneous action, development, or occurrence.
ornamentation
things added to something to provide decoration
degeneration
the state or process of being or becoming degenerate; decline or deterioration
perverse
awkward, illogical
austerity
severity, strictness, seriousness, solemnity, gravity; frugality, thrift, economy, asceticism; self-discipline, abstinence, sobriety, restraint, chastity; starkness.
dichotomize
regard or represent as divided or opposed
reproach
address (someone) in such a way as to express disapproval or disappointment
hilarity
extreme amusement
corroborating
confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, or finding)
annotate
add notes to (a text or diagram) giving explanation or comment
embroiled
involve (someone) deeply in an argument, conflict, or difficult situation • bring into a state of confusion or disorder
rhapsodize
speak or write about someone or something with great enthusiasm and delight:
reckoning
1 calculation, estimation, count, computation, working out, summation, addition. 2 opinion, view, judgment, evaluation, estimate, estimation. 3 retribution, fate, doom, nemesis, punishment.
ignominy
public shame or disgrace
prolific
plentiful
bequeath
pass (something) on or leave (something) to someone else
forestall
prevent or obstruct (an anticipated event or action) by taking action ahead of time
auxiliaries
providing supplementary or additional help and support
shopworn
(of an article) made dirty or imperfect by being displayed or handled in a store
imbued
inspire or permeate with a feeling or quality
divulge
disclose, make known
entangled
cause to become twisted together with or caught in • involve (someone) in difficulties or complicated circumstances from which it is difficult to escape
finesse
intricate and refined delicacy artful subtlety, typically that needed for tactful handling of a difficulty
consort
a wife, husband, or companion, in particular the spouse of a reigning monarch.
vindicate
clear (someone) of blame or suspicion
mediated
peacemaker, resolve
bereavement
be deprived of a loved one through a profound absence, esp. due to the loved one's death
vagary
an unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or in someone's behavio
adroitness
cleverness or skill
preachy
moralistic
backlash
1 [ in sing. ] a strong and adverse reaction by a large number of people, esp. to a social or political development 2 recoil arising between parts of a mechanism. • degree of play between parts of a mechanism.
aggrandize
increase the power, status, or wealth of • enhance the reputation of (someone) beyond what is justified by the facts
ramshackle
(esp. of a house or vehicle) in a state of severe disrepair
bromide
trite and unoriginal idea or remark, typically intended to soothe or placate.
quadratic function
is a parabola
forbearance
patient self-control; restraint and tolerance
rescind
revoke, cancel, or repeal (a law, order, or agreement)
rectitude
morally correct behavior or thinking; righteousness
recourse
option, possibility, alternative, resort, way out, hope, remedy, choice, expedient.
hedonistic
engaged in the pursuit of pleasure; sensually self-indulgent
contingency
a future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty
hackneyed
overused, overdone, overworked
quash
cancel, put an end to
avocation
a hobby or minor occupation
deride
express contempt for; ridicule
debilitate
weaken
Section 15
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tumultuous
loud
officious
assertive of authority in an annoyingly domineering way, esp. with regard to petty or trivial matters
elucidates
make (something) clear; explain
conscientious
even Douglas, the most conscientious worker in our department, was laid off: diligent, industrious, punctilious, painstaking, sedulous, assiduous, dedicated
florid
having a red or flushed complexion elaborately or excessively intricate or complicated (of language) using unusual words or complicated rhetorical constructions
inconspicuous
not clearly visible or attracting attention; not conspicuous
explications
analyze and develop (an idea or principle) in detail
tenuous
very weak or slight
unassailable
unable to be attacked, questioned, or defeated
florid
1 ruddy, red, red-faced, rosy, rosy-cheeked, pink; flushed, blushing, high-colored; archaic sanguine. ANTONYMS pale. 2 ornate, fancy, elaborate, embellished, curlicued, extravagant, flamboyant, baroque, rococo, fussy, busy. ANTONYMS plain. 3 flowery, flamboyant, high-flown, high-sounding, grandiloquent, ornate, fancy, bombastic, elaborate, turgid, pleonastic; informal highfalutin; rare fustian. ANTONYMS plain.
prodigious
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
trepidation
fear
genially
friendly and cheerful
despondent
in low spirits from loss of hope or courage
arboretum
a botanical garden devoted to trees
milieu
a person's social environment
destitution
poverty so extreme that one lacks the means to provide for oneself
bucolic
of or relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life
compulsive
obsessive
obstinate
stubborn
contentious
causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial
vivacious
(esp. of a woman) attractively lively and animated
astute
smart
recursive
characterized by recurrence or repetition
curtail
reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on
perverse
awkward & Illogical
archaic
very old or old-fashioned
leery
cautious or wary due to realistic suspicions
economizing
spend less; reduce one's expenses
ardent
enthusiastic or passionate
mediation
intervention in a dispute in order to resolve it; arbitration • intervention in a process or relationship; intercession
incongruous
not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something
clandestine
kept secret or done secretively, esp. because illicit
revelry
lively and noisy festivities, esp. when these involve drinking a large amount of alcohol
gargantuan
huge
copious
abundant in supply or quantity
scathing
witheringly scornful; severely critical
inhibited
unable to act in a relaxed and natural way because of self-consciousness or mental restraint
menagerie
a collection of wild animals kept in captivity for exhibition
provincialism
1 the way of life or mode of thought characteristic of the regions outside the capital city of a country, esp. when regarded as unsophisticated or narrow-minded. • narrow-mindedness, insularity, or lack of sophistication 2 concern for one's own area or region at the expense of national or supranational unity.
invectives
an abusive expression or speech
sanguine
optimistic
conspicuous
visible
cavalcade
procession
disparaging
expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory
precipitous
steep or sudden
reticent
reserved
permeated
pervade, spread through
genteel
polite, refined, or respectable, often in an affected or ostentatious way
cerebral
intellectual
Section 16
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