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Lesson 77 Rules & definitions Shormann Algebra 1

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Section 1

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allele

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Algebra Math

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (13)

Section 1

(13 cards)

allele

Front

Multiple forms of the same gene. For example, if two people have different eye color, one of the main reasons is because they have different alleles for eye color.

Back

epigenetics

Front

The study of chemicals that turn genes on and off at different times and locations in an organism.

Back

dominant trait

Front

When only one of two alleles is required to express a trait. Usually described with a capital letter, like B for dominant blue

Back

heterozygous

Front

When an offspring receives one dominant and one recessive allele. Also referred to as a hybrid

Back

genotype

Front

A pair of alleles concerned with a specific trait

Back

allele frequency

Front

The percentage that a particular allele occurs in a population, or in a sample of the population.

Back

Punnet Square

Front

A diagram used to visualize the possible outcomes of a genetic cross. Since each parent has 2 genes (a.k.a. alleles) for a particular trait, the number of possible combinations is 2 genes × 2 parents = 4. The Punnet Square is normally drawn like this:

Back

gene

Front

Made of DNA, genes are chemical units containing specific information. For example, you have genes for hair color, eye color, etc. Genes are located on chromosomes inside of cells, and are passed on from parents to offspring

Back

genetics

Front

The study of how genes are inherited.

Back

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Front

An equation used to predict the frequency of dominant (d) and recessive (r) alleles in a population. (d + r)²= 1

Back

phenotype

Front

The trait that is expressed depending on an offsprings genotype

Back

recessive trait

Front

When both alleles are required to express a trait. Usually described with a lower case letter, like b for recessive blue.

Back

homozygous

Front

When both alleles are either dominant or recessive.

Back