Section 1
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Fibroblasts make
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Last updated
7 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (70)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Fibroblasts make
ECM and collagen
Plaque
a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter and limited to the surface of the skin
When to take microbe cultures
Candidiasis Herpetic lesions
Macule
flat, colored spot on the skin
lymphatic channel
Doesn't have endothelial cells
Poorly Circumscribed
The term used to describe a lesion whose margins and extent are ill-defined
Hematoma
Blood filled lesion
pallor
(n.) an extreme or unnatural paleness
excisional biopsy
removal of an entire lesion
Benign sounding malignancies
- melanoma - lymphoma - plasmacytoma - mesothelioma
Tumor grading and staging
-Grading and staging tumor is accomplished before treatment begins to provide baseline data -Treatment options and prognosis are based on stage and grade of disease Staging -Determines the size of the tumor and the extent of disease -The TNM system is frequently used for many solid tumor types -"T" refers to the extent of the primary tumor, "N" refers to lymph node involvement, and "M" refers to the extent of metastasis Grading -Refers to the classification of the tumor cells -Grading systems seek to define the type of tissue from which the tumor originated and the degree to which the tumor cells retain the histologic characteristics of the tissue of origin -Samples of cells to be used to establish the grade of a tumor may be obtained through cytology (examination of cells from tissue scrapings, body fluids, secretions), biopsy, or surgical excision -The tumor is assigned a numeric value ranging from I to IV -Grade I tumors (well-differentiated tumors) closely resemble the tissue of origin in structure and function -Tumors that do not clearly resemble the tissue of origin in structure or function are described as poorly differentiated or undifferentiated and are assigned grade IV -These tumors tend to be more aggressive and less responsive to treatment than are well-differentiated tumors
verrucous
A lesion with a roughened surface showing broader surface projections than that of a papillary lesion
Sessile vs. pedunculated
Sessile: growing flat on wall Pedunculated: growing on stalk
Erythema
redness of the skin
extracellular matrix
Mechanical support Control of cell proliferation Scaffolding for tissue renewal Establishment of tissue microenvironments
vesicle vs bulla
Bulla is bigger - other than that they're the same. Bulla is a big blister. Vesicle is less than 0.5 cm Bulla is more than 0.5 cm
Ulcer
open sore or lesion in the skin or mucous membrane
Mitochondria
"The powerhouse of the cell"- utilizes O2 to generate ATP Composed of outer membrane and inner membrane that form cristae Synthesis of macromolecules (heme) Sensors of cell damage
Multiocular
A lesion that has a soap-bubble-like appearance
Grading terms
Well-differentiated Moderately-differentiated Poorly-differentiated Undifferentiated (anapestic)
Subjective symptom
A symptom that is felt by the patient but is not observable by an examiner (pain, xerostomia)
Biopsy should be placed into
10% formalin solution
What is leukoplakia?
White plaque that cannot be scraped away (in contrast to candidiasis) that can (but does not always) represent a squamous cell dysplasia that can be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Cytoskeleton
o Scaffolding of protein, adopt cell shape, maintain polarity, organize organelles, and move o Structure and support, intracellular transport, contractility and motility, spatial organization o Microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin filaments § Intermediate probs most important in the head and neck § Varying degrees of flexible and inflexible tube like materials
Mesenchymal neoplasms
Prefix + sarcoma i.e. liposarcoma (of the fat)
Epithelial neoplasms
Prefix + carcinoma (i.e. squamous cell carcinoma)
Woven bone
immature bone · Osteocytes within lacunae are seen, with little osteoblasts on the outside forming bone - spindly looking, usually on the outside · Seen haphazardly, when there is a fracture, trauma, etc. · Osteoclast- multinucleated, usually on the outside · Osteoid in the middle will calcify into bone - pink and woven bone is more dark pink o Osteoid is uncalcified bone (matrix)
Incisional biopsy
removal of a selected portion of a lesion
Exfoliative cytology
Scraping of tongue - Microscopic examination of desquamated cells from a body surface or a lesion Indications -herpetic lesions -candidiasis -oral hairy leukoplakia
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Glycosaminoglycans are usually cleared up by lysosomes, but if this doesn't happen then might be damaged organelles, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly Oral manifestations vary according to type • Micrognathia (MPS I) • Macroglossia• Gingival hyperplasia • Dental changes: - Thin enamel and pointed cusps - Impacted teeth with prominent follicular spaces (rosette pattern)
Michel's Medium
Solution for immunofluorescence staining
Smooth ER
SmoothER - Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids - Detoxification in the liver via cytochrome P450 - Sequestration of Ca2+
Transitional epithelium
urinary bladder
Radiopaque
substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays
Papule
small, solid, raised lesion on surface of the skin/mucosa; less than 0.5 cm
Eosinophils
Combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates; associated with allergy and asthma. parasite and allergy
Objective symptom
A symptom that can be observed by an examiner (tenderness, hyposalavation) Tenderness: discomfort observed by clinician as a result of contact insufficient to cause discomfort in normal tissues
Papillary
A lesion showing small surface finger-like projections
Neoplasm
New growth; monoclonal cellular proliferation - meaning a single cell that has proliferated
Radiolucent
permitting the passage of x-rays (black or dark areas)
uniocular
One well-defined or well-outlined (well- circumscribed) compartment
Epithelial neoplasms with glandular
prefix + adenocarcinoma i.e. basal cell adenocarcinoma
Ulcers appear __________, due to
Yellowish due to fibrin production
What to retrieve when taking a punch biopsy
Epithelium + underlying connective tissue
Nucleolus
- Ribosome synthesis and assembly
Tumor
A swelling; new growth
Rough ER
- Continuous with nuclear membrane - Composed of cisternae and ribosomes - Functions in production and secretion of proteins
Corticated
A lesion with a well-defined radiopaque border
Occlusal films are useful for
Buccolingual pathology
Nodule
solid, round or oval elevated lesion 0.5 cm or more in diameter
Section 2
(20 cards)