Section 1
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Which of the following is not a step in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
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Cards (170)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Which of the following is not a step in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
all of the above
Which of the following types of constraints is used to enforce referential integrity?
FOREIGN KEY
Which of the following symbols cannot be used in a table name?
%
Data in first normal form (1NF) does not contain which of the following?
repeating groups
Partial dependency exists if what conditions exist?
a column is dependent only on a portion of a composite
Data in third normal form (3NF) contains which of the following?
Data mining refers to ____.
the extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases.
The asterisk symbol (*) can be used in a SELECT statement to indicate that all rows in the table should be displayed in the results.
Explain the similarities and differences between the UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints.
Both validate the uniquness of a value, but the UNIQUE constraint allows NULL values.
Which of the following datatypes refers to variable-length character data, where n represents the maximum length of the column?
VARCHAR2(n)
DDL commands are used to create or modify database objects
true
In which step of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the solution to the identified problem determined and understood?
systems analysis
A foreign key is usually found on which side of a relationship?
many
What steps/tasks are required to convert unnormalized data to third normal form (3NF)?
Combining the contents of two or more columns is known as ____.
concatenation
A DBMS includes which of the following capabilities?
all of the above
Data is in second normal form (2NF) if it contains no repeating groups and has a primary key to uniquely identify each record.
False
Which of the following keywords can be included in a SELECT statement to suppress duplicate data?
DISTINCT
In an E-R Model a person, place, or thing with characteristics to be stored in the database are referred to as?
entity
Which of the following symbols can be used to combine data from different columns into one column of output?
||
The ALL option can be used in the SELECT clause to indicate that all columns should be retrieved.
true
A FOREIGN KEY constraint can be added to the column of a table to ensure that the referenced data value actually exists in the other table
True
What are the mandatory clauses of a SELECT statement and what do they represent?
Which of the following statements about the FOREIGN KEY constraint is incorrect?
The constraint can reference any column in another table, even a column that has not been designated as the primary key for the referenced table.
Concatenation refers to combining the results of several SELECT statements into one result
True?
The only required clauses for a SELECT statement are the WHERE and FROM clauses. _________________________
true
Which of the following does not contain repeating groups, but has a primary key and possibly partial dependencies?
firt normal form
The use of a column alias in the SELECT clause can be designated by the keyword ALIAS.
Which of the following rules does not apply to column names in Oracle 12c?
Column names can contain an ampersand (&).
A(n) WHERE statement allows a user to retrieve data from a database table. _________________________
From
A column heading that is longer than the width of a column will not be truncated for a column that is defined to store character data. _________________________
False
A UNIQUE constraint is the same as a PRIMARY KEY constraint, except that it will accept NULL values.
true
If the data has no partial dependencies, repeating groups, or transitive dependencies, and has a composite primary key, the data is in which form?
third normal
A column represents a field in the physical database table.
true
Which of the following is a valid column name?
NEW_COLUMN
Data mining refers to analyzing historical data stored in a database.
True?
Explain how the DISTINCT keyword effects a SELECT statement that lists two columns in the SELECT clause.
Which of the following rules apply to table names in Oracle 12c?
Names can contain a number sign (#).
In which step of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) are the logical and physical components defined?
systems design
Data manipulation language commands are used to create or modify database tables.
false
A CHAR column cannot be resized to a width that is smaller than the data it already contains.
True
What is the purpose of a foreign key?
A CHECK constraint requires that a data value meet a certain condition before the record is added to the database table.
true
In which step of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is the system actually used by the end-user on a regular basis?
systems deployment
Which of the following keywords is used to mark a column for deletion at a later time?
ALTER TABLE...SET UNUSED
A bridging table can be used to eliminate a many-to-many relationship in a relational database.
true
What is the purpose of an E-R Model?
A logical representation of the data for an organization or for a business area, using entities for categories of data and relationships for associations between entities
What is the difference between how a NOT NULL constraint is added to an existing column and how other types of constraints are added?
The NOT NULL constraint can only be added to an existing column using the MODIFY clause of the ALTER TABLE command, while other types of constraints can be added using the ADD clause of the ALTER TABLE command.
A string literal must be enclosed in ____.
""
Data in second normal form (2NF) may contain which of the following?
true
Section 2
(50 cards)
A column name can consist of up to 225 characters.
true
What is the relationship between a NOT NULL constraint and a CHECK constraint?
NOT NULL is a special CHECK where the condition is not a NULL value.
Which of the following keywords is used to remove a database table in Oracle 12c?
DROP TABLE
Comparison operators are used to combine search conditions
false
Which of the following clauses is used to indicate a particular sort sequence for presenting query results?
ORDER BY
What is the difference between a shared and exclusive lock?
A shared lock allows other users to view information on a table but not alter it. An exlusive lock is put on a table so no other user can alter or update the table's contents.
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following queries will retrieve all book titles that are in the Business or Computer category and have a retail price of more than $35.00?
SELECT title FROM books WHERE (category = 'BUSINESS' OR category ='COMPUTER' ) AND retail >35;
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following queries will return all books that cost at least $25.00?
SELECT * FROM books WHERE cost >= 25.00;
A lock is automatically released when the user issues a transaction control statement such as COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
true
Which of the following is displayed by the DESCRIBE command?
all of the above
To instruct Oracle12c to sort data in ascending order, enter ____ after the column name in the ORDER BY clause
ASC
A shared lock prevents another user from performing DDL or DML operations on the table
false
A(n) ____ lock will prevent any DDL operations from being performed on the locked table
exclusive
Commands used to modify data are called ____ commands
data manipulation language (DML)
A NULL value is the same as a blank space.
false
A NULL value can be included in the data being added to a table by explicitly entering the word NULL.
true
What special consideration needs to be given to search conditions when they are being compared to character or date columns?
A primary sort is the first column a table is ordered by.and a secondary sort is a second field to sort a table by.
Which of the following commands will drop any columns marked as unused from the TABLEA table?
ALTER TABLE tablea DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;
The data being inserted into a table are listed in the ADD clause of the INSERT command.
false
The DELETE TABLE command can be used to delete all the data stored in a table and release the storage space, yet retain the structure of the table. _________________________
false
Which of the following is the standard abbreviation for the constraint NOT NULL?
nn
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following queries will return the category and title of all books stored in the BOOKS table presented in order of their category and, for the books in the same category, sort the title of the books in descending order?
SELECT category, title FROM books ORDER BY 1 ASC, 2 DESC;
When the WHERE clause contains multiple types of operators, which of the following is resolved last?
logical operators
What is the difference between a standard SELECT statement and a SELECT...FOR UPDATE statement?
The SELECT .. FOR UPDATE command places a shared lock on records to be changed.
To find rows containing a NULL value in a specified column, you must use the search condition of = NULL.
false
Which of the following statements about a PRIMARY KEY is incorrect
Which of the following statements about a PRIMARY KEY is incorrect
Which of the following is a valid statement?
all of the above
DML commands are used to create or modify database tables.
false
Which of the following is a valid SQL statement
CREATE TABLE newname (colA DATE, colB VARCHAR2(3);
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following queries will retrieve all books stored in the BOOKS table with Pubid 1 or 2 or that have a retail price of at least $42.00?
SELECT * FROM books WHERE pubid = 1 OR pubid = 2 OR retail >= 42;
When does a COMMIT command implicitly occur
When the user issues a DDL command such as CREATE or ALTER TABLE.
A COMMIT is explicitly issued when the user exits SQL*Plus. _________________________
false
Which of the following is not a valid comparison operator?
=>
Which of the following symbols can be used in a column name?
#
A column alias that has been defined in the SELECT clause of a SELECT statement cannot be referenced in an ORDER BY clause
false
A(n) ____ in a SQL command instructs Oracle 12c to use a substituted value in place of the variable at the time the command is actually executed.
substitution variable
Which of the following keywords must have been included during the creation of a FOREIGN KEY constraint to allow a row from the parent table to be deleted, even if it is referenced by a row in the child table?
ON DELETE CASCADE
What is the difference between dropping a column with the DROP COLUMN clause and setting a column as unused with the SET UNUSED clause?
Setting it as unused will allow you to mark the column to be deleted at a later time.
Which of the following constraints cannot be added to an existing table with the ADD clause of the ALTER TABLE command
NOT NULL
A lock arising from a SELECT...FOR UPDATE command will be released when ____.
a COMMIT command is executed
Explain the difference between an implicit and an explicit COMMIT.
An explicit COMMIT occurs when you enter a COMMIT statement, an implicit COMMIT occurs when you exit client tools.
A table that has been dropped without the PURGE option can be retrieved using the FLASHBACK TABLE command.
true
table can be locked in SHARE MODE or EXCLUSIVE MODE. _________________________
true
A subquery can be used with the INSERT command to enter data from an existing table into the destination table.
true
What is the problem associated with changing the name of a table?
If you don't inform users of the name change it could prevent them from finishing their work or accessing the table
A user who is issuing DML commands can save modified data or undo uncommitted changes by issuing ____ statements.
transaction control
Which of the following statements about the DELETE command is incorrect?
If you omit the mandatory WHERE clause, an error message will be issued
If you don't inform users of the name change it could prevent them from finishing their work or accessing the table
true
A FOREIGN KEY constraint will not allow a row containing a NULL value in the foreign key column to be added to the table.
false
What is the purpose of the ORDER BY clause?
It is used to display query results in a sorted order.
Section 3
(50 cards)
The only group function that includes NULL values by default is the MIN function
false
The > operator is referred to as a(n) ____ operator
single-row
A user can perform a DML operation (add, modify, delete) on a simple view if it does not violate which type of existing constraint on the underlying base table?
all of the above
The ____ function is used to calculate the total amount stored in a numeric field.
SUM
Which of the following queries will return the same results as the following SQL statement? SELECT c.customer#, lastname, firstname, order# FROM customers c, orders o WHERE c.customer# = o.customer#;
both a and b
Which of the following keywords can be used to join two tables that do not contain a commonly named and defined column
JOIN...USING
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following queries will retrieve all books published in 2001?
all of the above
A subquery, except one in the FROM clause, cannot contain a(n) ____ clause.
ORDER BY
The JOIN keyword is used in the WHERE clause to indicate the tables that should be joined or linked.
false
A multiple-column subquery cannot be nested in a WHERE clause
false
Explain the difference between an inner join and an outer join
An inner join gives an intersection of the row in common, an outer join combines all the rows.
A temporary table that is created when a multiple-column subquery is used in the FROM clause of an outer query is called a(n) ____.
inline view
The default keyword for group functions is ____.
ALL
AVG, COUNT, and STDDEV are all considered group functions
true
Based upon the contents of the BOOKS table in the accompanying figure, which of the following SQL statements will retrieve all books published by the publisher assigned Pubid 1?
SELECT * FROM books WHERE pubid = 1;
A deadlock occurs when two users hold shared locks on portions of a table that are needed to complete the transaction of the other user.
true
A(n) ____ is used to indicate how data should relate to a given search condition.
comparison operator
A(n) ____ is used to combine the results of two queries.
set operator
If it is possible for a subquery to return a NULL value to the outer query for comparison, the ____ function should be used to substitute an actual value for the NULL.
NVL
A group function cannot be included in the SELECT clause of a single-row subquery
false
When a self-join is created, each copy of the table must be assigned a table alias.
true
Give the appropriate situation in which to use each of the following join keywords: NATURAL JOIN, JOIN...USING, and JOIN...ON.
NATURAL JOIN = used in the FROM clause to join table containing a common column with the same name and definition JOUN... USING =identifies the common column used to join the tables JOIN ... ON = identifies the column used to join tables
Functions that return one result per group of rows are called ____ functions.
all of the above
Describe how the COUNT function processes NULL values when the function is executed.
Use an asterisk, so when an asterisk is encountered, the entire record is counted, so a NULL in one column doesn't cause the row to be ignored.
The ON clause can be used only if the tables being joined have a common column with the same name.
False
Explain the difference between a WHERE and a HAVING clause.
A WHERE clause is used for filtering rows, and a HAVING clause is used to filter groups.
When a SELECT statement includes WHERE, HAVING, and GROUP BY clauses, the GROUP BY clause is always evaluated first
false
Which of the following SQL statements will list the name of each customer stored in the customers table, and, if the customer has placed an order that is contained in the ORDERS table, the order# of any order each customer has placed?bith
both a and c
Based on the contents of the BOOKS table, which of the following SQL statements will return an error message?
none of the above
How is a "TOP-N" analysis performed?
A TOP-N analysis is performed by determining if the rows ROWNUM value is less or equal to N.
Explain how nested group functions are processed
In nested group functions the inner function is resolved first.
A single-row subquery can return several columns, but only one row, of results to the outer query.
false
Which command will delete a view
DROP VIEW
Which of the following keywords is used to create a Cartesian join?
CROSS JOIN
Which of the following is a correct statement
An asterisk can be used as the argument for the COUNT function to include NULL values in the results.
The outer join operator in the WHERE clause cannot be used with which of the following operators
both a and b
The outer join operator is used to combine the results of multiple SELECT statements
False
TOP-N" analysis can be used to find the highest values in a column by sorting the data in ascending order
false
Group functions return a group of results per row processed
false
Based on the contents of the BOOKS table, which line of the following SQL statement contains an error? 1 SELECT isbn, title 2 FROM books 3 WHERE pubid = 4 (SELECT pubid 5 FROM books 6 WHERE title = 'SHORTEST POEMS') 7 AND retail-cost > 8 (SELECT AVG(retail-cost) 9 FROM books);
none of the above
Which of the following is not considered a group function?
TRUNC
Which of the following can only be used to link tables that have a common column?
NATURAL JOIN
Which of the following SQL statements will list the name of each customer stored in the CUSTOMERS table, and, if the customer has placed an order that is contained in the ORDERS table, the order# of any order each customer has placed?
SELECT lastname, firstname, order# FROM customers c LEFT OUTER JOIN orders o ON c.customer# = o.customer#;
Group functions are also known as aggregate functions
true
The most common type of join is an equijoin, which joins two or more tables together based upon the tables having equivalent data values in a common column.
true
Based on the contents of the BOOKS table, which of the following SQL statements will display the title of all books published by the publisher of SHORTEST POEMS?
none of the above
Which of the following SQL statements will display the gift that should be sent to any customer who orders the book titled THE WOK WAY TO COOK?
none of the above
By default, the SUM function assumes the ALL keyword and the result will include multiple occurrences of numeric values
true
When combining the results of two SELECT statements with the UNION keyword, duplicate rows are suppressed in the results
false
Explain the purpose of a set operator.
UNION = Returns the results of both queries and removes duplicates UNION ALL = Returns the results of both queries and includes duplicates INTERSECT = Returns only the rows included in the results of both queries
Section 4
(20 cards)