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AP Biology Chapter 8

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Section 1

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Endergonic reaction

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Biology Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (40)

Section 1

(40 cards)

Endergonic reaction

Front

Back

enzyme

Front

A protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction.

Back

activation energy

Front

The amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur.

Back

spontaneous process

Front

A process that can occur without an input of energy.

Back

thermodynamics

Front

The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter.

Back

ATP

Front

Back

Exergonic reaction

Front

Back

kinetic energy

Front

The energy an object has due to its motion.

Back

catalyst

Front

A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

Back

endergonic reaction

Front

Reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings.

Back

Feedback inhibition

Front

Back

energy coupling

Front

The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.

Back

cofactor

Front

Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme. They can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during catalysis.

Back

entropy

Front

A measure of disorder or randomness.

Back

Allosteric regulation

Front

Back

induced fit

Front

The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly to the substrate, induced by entry of the substrate.

Back

feedback inhibition

Front

A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.

Back

potential energy

Front

The energy that an object has because it's position, shape, structure, location, or condition.

Back

energy

Front

The ability to cause change.

Back

catabolic pathway

Front

A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds.

Back

chemical energy

Front

A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

Back

noncompetitive inhibitor

Front

A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site, changing its conformation so that it no longer binds to the substrate.

Back

anabolic pathway

Front

A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler compounds.

Back

metabolic pathway

Front

A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds.

Back

competitive inhibitor

Front

An enzyme inhibitor that competes with substrate for binding at the active site of teh enzyme. When the it is bound, no product can be made.

Back

free energy

Front

Measures the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell.

Back

bioenergetic

Front

The study of energy flow or energy transformations into and within living systems.

Back

second law of thermodynamics

Front

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Back

active site

Front

The part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate molecule attaches (by means of weak chemical bonds); typically, a pocket or groove on the enzyme's surface.

Back

first law of thermodynamics

Front

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Back

Noncompetative inhibition

Front

Back

substrate

Front

The reactant on which an enzyme works.

Back

Competitive inhibition

Front

Back

ATP

Front

A molecule used to store energy temporarily in organisms. The molecule is broken down to release energy to drive metabolic processes. Contains the sugar ribose, with the nitrogenous base adenine and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.

Back

exergonic reaction

Front

Reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy.

Back

thermal energy

Front

Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of molecules or atoms.

Back

Normal binding

Front

Back

coenzyme

Front

If the cofactor is an organic molecule.

Back

enzyme-substrate complex

Front

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).

Back

allosteric regulation

Front

The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site.

Back