Section 1
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charging conductors
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (55)
Section 1
(50 cards)
charging conductors
have "loose electrons" and give up electrons easily
open circuit
a circuit with a switch turned off or a circuit with a break in it. Electricity can't travel through an open circuit
household circuits
To avoid a short circuit occurring, a household circuit has a fuse or circuit breaker that breaks if too much current is flowing.
short circuits
A circuit without resistance - can overheat they have: low resistance, high current, and can lead to fires
closed circuit
a circuit with no breaks in it, a complete circuit that is closed so the electricity can flow through on a complete path. Electricity can flow through a closed circuit.
potential difference
the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts
resistance
Resistance is a measure of a components ability which slows or reduces the current.
superconductor
a material that has almost zero resistance when it is cooled to low temperatures
circuit diagram
a method of drawing the physical arrangement of a circuit
fuses
A thin strip of metal that is inserted into the circuit. If to much charge flows than the thin strip of metal will melt.
parallel circuit
circuit in which electric current can flow more than one path
voltage
Is a measured of the amount of energy available to push charges around in a circuit. Voltage is measured in Volts (V).
conservation of charge
charge is transferred. not created, nor destroyed. the net amount of electric charge in any process is zero. if one object gets a positive charge, then an equal amount of negative charge will be found in something else.
in order to form an electric circuit, you need to have
wires or conductors to connect everything, a power source, a light bulb/other kind of resistance, and a complete path for the current
ohm's law
V=IR Where: V=voltage I=current R=resistance
protons
positive charge
series circuit
a circuit in which the objects are connected in a single path
electric charge
a fundamental property of matter. It is the cause of all electrical and magnetic events. Electric charge has two forms, positive (+) charge and negative (-) charge. The source of shock and the sparks is electric charge. If materials or objects carry excess positive or negative charge we say they are electrically charged.
current
a flow of electricity through a circuit. Measured in Ampheres (A).
atom
smallest unit of matter
power
Electric Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. Measured in Watts (W). Calculated By: P=IV P=power in watts I=current in amps v=potential difference in volts
electroscope
an instrument that can detect, and sometimes measure the amount of positive and negative charges.
positive electric charges
repel positive charges and attract negative charges
conductors
materials that allow electric charges to flow through them easily.
electrical force
the pushes and pulls that electric charges exert on each other
static electricity
a build up of charge on an object that does not follow a path
physical resistors
can be used if u have a specific need to lower a current ex: if a bulb is too bright
electrical field lines
point in the direction of the electric field vector (same as voltage, volts, electric potential, pressure)
charge polarization
when insulators come near a charged object, there is a rearrangement of the charges and the object develops poles. one side is more protons and the other is more electrons. protons don't move.
capacitance
an electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge
semiconductors
man made, sometimes behave as conductors and sometimes as insulators
induction
(physics) a property of an electric circuit by which an electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of current
insulators
Materials that prevent electric charges from flowing through them easily.
drift velocity
the net velocity of a charge carrier moving in an electric field
when two light bulbs are connected in a series
the same amount of current always flows through each bulb
characteristics of electrically charged objects
-like charges repel -opposite charges attract -charge is conserved
electrical potential
the potential energy per unit of electric charge
electric fields
The direction of an electric field is the direction a positive charge would move in if free to do so. Fields go away from positive charges and towards negative charges.
electric circuit
an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current
schematic diagram
a graphical representation of a circuit that uses lines to represent wires and different symbols to represent components
grounding
allowing the charges to have a conducting path to the ground when we allow charges to move off a conductor, we are grounding the conductor
electric resistence
the measure of how easily a current can flow through a circuit
electrical potential energy
the ability to move an electric charge from one point to another
electrostatics
the study of stationary electric charges
when resistors are put in series next to each other, their overall resistance is
larger than the resistance of any individual reistor
electric current
the flow of charged particles, usually electrons, inside a material that conducts electricity
electrons
negative charge
circuit breakers
an automatic switch that cuts off current when overloaded with power.
circuit
a conducting path through which electric current can flow
how does a current flow
from a positive terminal to negative terminal
Section 2
(5 cards)