Section 1
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Destruction of the body's own tissues in autoimmune diseases is the result of type II hypersensitivity reactions. Which of the following conditions is NOT an autoimmune disease?
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Section 1
(50 cards)
Destruction of the body's own tissues in autoimmune diseases is the result of type II hypersensitivity reactions. Which of the following conditions is NOT an autoimmune disease?
Hepatitis B
A leiomyoma is:
a benign tumor of the smooth muscle cells.
One method of grading the exertion level of exercise is to use metabolic equivalent (MET). Each MET is equal to about 3.5 mL/kg of body weight per minute. Which of the following activities would fall within the 3 to 6 MET range?
Bicycling at 5 to 9 miles per hour on level terrain
Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes are characteristic of:
osteoarthrosis (OA)
A heart rate slower than 60 beats per minute is considered to be:
bradycardia.
Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning cerebral palsy (CP)?
Children with CP frequently experience progressively increasing problems with the brain as they grow older.
Which of the following patients is MOST at risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease?
A 60 year old male with a history of diabetes for 10 years, who smokes 20 cigarettes a day, has a high cholesterol level, weighs 270 pounds, and has a family history of heart disease
Which of the following lung capacities and volumes are measured using a spirometer?
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC)
The sequence of transmission of nervous impulses in the heart is:
SA node AV node Bundle of His Purkinje network
During the healing process, which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding granulation tissue?
Granulation tissue is resilient to damage (not easily damaged).
Some risk factors for the development of cancer can be avoided, whereas others cannot. Which of the following is NOT considered a controllable risk factor?
A family history of a specific kind of cancer
The surgical removal of a whole lung is called a:
pneumonectomy.
An antigen is a stimulus, such as an irritant or chemical, that elicits an immune response. Which of the following is applicable to the body's response to antigens?
Antibodies form specific to one antigen.
Which type of cell/tissue necrosis (death) is typical of an infarct in the brain?
Liquefactive necrosis
The "C" in the acronym RICE stands for:
Compression
Cells can change in response to injury or stimuli. Which of the following typifies an increase in size of the individual cells?
Hypertrophy
The postural drainage position for the posterior segments of both lower lobes of the lungs is:
prone, head and thorax tilted down, pillow beneath hips.
All of the following procedures can assist in the prevention of pressure ulcers (decubiti) EXCEPT:
moving a person who is immobile up the bed using a draw sheet, allowing the buttocks to drag on the bed.
Which of the following statements regarding the LEFT atrium of the heart is true?
It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
Your 60 year old male patient experiences periodic pain in the upper chest and left shoulder when he overexerts himself, is under emotional stress, or is in places where the temperature and humidity are high. He has had this problem for several years, and the pain is relieved with rest and taking a nitroglycerin tablet. The most likely reason for these symptoms is:
angina pectoris.
In the case of arterial insufficiency (peripheral vascular disease), which of the following statements is NOT correct?
The foot end of the bed should be raised at night.
Pain is the body's natural way of warning about a potential problem. Referred pain is:
the type of pain felt within the area of skin supplied by the same nerve root as that supplying the injured area.
Warning signs for cancer include:
All of the above
Which of the following most accurately describes myelomeningocele?
A defect in the development of the neural arch of the spine in which the meninges and the spinal cord protrude through the opening in the vertebra
The clinical picture of osteoarthrosis (OA) includes all the following EXCEPT:
morning stiffness that lasts several hours.
Osteoporosis is a silent disease in the early stages and is the cause of fracture in approximately 1.5 million people per year. When working with a person who has osteoporosis, which of the following actions is NOT appropriate?
Explaining that only women and men older than the age of 70 experience fractures from osteoporosis
When cells in the body are in a state of equilibrium with their environment they are said to be in:
homeostasis.
When a person stops breathing or has breathing that is too shallow to enable sufficient oxygen to perfuse in the lungs when asleep, it is called:
sleep apnea.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), also known as congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH), is a genetic condition in which the head of the femur dislocates from the acetabulum of the pelvis. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
DDH is more prevalent in males than females.
All of the following physical therapy methods may be used to débride a wound EXCEPT:
ultrasound
Several precautions exist for people who have a total hip arthroplasty. Which instruction should you AVOID giving to a patient after this surgery?
Do sit in a low, soft chair for comfort.
All of the following are examples of a type I hypersensitivity reaction EXCEPT:
blood transfusion incompatibility.
The rate pressure product (RPP) is achieved by multiplying the heart rate by the systolic blood pressure. A five digit number is obtained, but the last two digits are not used. The number provides an indication of the aerobic exercise condition of the patient. As the aerobic fitness improves, the RPP:
reduces.
Angiogenesis is:
the process of development of a blood supply to a tumor.
Leukocytosis is defined as:
an increase in white blood cell count.
Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
Tremor
Scar tissue is a natural effect of wound healing. However, some types of scarring can cause problems. Which of the following terms applies to a scar that forms far beyond the margins of the original wound?
Keloid scarring
Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in healing by second intention?
A 60-year-old woman with diabetes has an open wound on her lower leg as a result of poor venous circulation. She is treated in physical therapy. The wound is cleansed using the pulsatile lavage unit, and a dressing is applied before she returns home.
Raynaud's disease or phenomenon is classified as a peripheral vascular disease with a neurological component. Which of the following statements about Raynaud's is FALSE?
Cold packs alleviate (reduce) the symptoms
Which of the following statements most accurately describes Down syndrome?
A more common chromosome abnormality usually resulting from a trisomy of chromosome 21
Your patient relates being able to walk for about 15 feet and then experiences severe pain in his posterior lower leg (calf). He is unable to use his exercise bike or stand still for more than 1 minute without having the same pain. The most likely explanation is:
intermittent claudication.
Which of the following statements regarding spondylolysis is INCORRECT?
It usually occurs in the upper lumbar vertebrae.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding chronic inflammation?
Must not be treated with heat
Which of the following statements regarding mitral valve incompetence is NOT true?
Mitral valve incompetence is a rare problem.
The mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor are varied. Which of the following is NOT a true statement?
A malignancy that metastasizes to another area is named for the new site.
Which of the following is NOT a type of T lymphocyte?
Macrophage
In normal lungs, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is usually what percentage of the vital capacity (VC)?
80%
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of iron deficient anemia?
Loss of muscle control
Benign and malignant tumors differ from each other in several ways. Which of the following statements is NOT typical of a malignant tumor?
They are similar in appearance to cells of the host tissue.
Sputum coughed up from the lungs by a person can indicate various problems. Sputum that is thick, yellow, or green in color and has a bad odor may indicate:
pulmonary bacterial infection such as pseudomonas or pneumococcus.
Section 2
(50 cards)
T/F Women in the later stages of pregnancy require more time to recover after exercise.
True
The area of the brain associated with emotions is the:
limbic system.
Venous stasis ulcers can be described with which associated characteristic?
Pain relief with elevation
Which of the following statements regarding the spinal cord is FALSE?
The ascending tracts of the white matter are motor in nature.
Which of the following procedures is considered invasive?
Cardiac catheterization
Which of the following diseases is NOT sexually transmitted?
Hepatitis A
Diabetes insipidus is part of what group of diseases?
Pituitary
T/F Toxic shock syndrome has been linked to the use of tampons in women.
True
The clinical picture of a person with spondylosis includes all of the following EXCEPT:
pain is rarely a factor for people with spondylosis.
This hormone stimulates the ovary to produce estrogen or progesterone:
Follicle stimulating hormone
The nervous system develops within which part of the embryo?
Ectoderm
T/F Prostate cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in men.
False
All of the following are thermal injuries to the skin EXCEPT:
boils.
Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped out by:
one ventricle in 1 minute.
Advice for a person with osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Avoid exercising every day, and do so every other day instead.
The brachial plexus consists of which of the following nerve roots?
C5 through T1
A technique used by physical therapists that involves restricting the use of the unaffected upper extremity in people who have experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is:
constraint-induced movement therapy.
In the classification of pressure ulcers, which stage is described as full
thickness skin loss with subcutaneous tissue necrosis?-Stage III
In the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, burns and skin conditions fall under which of the following practice pattern numbers?
7
T/F Moist hot packs are recommended for pregnant women experiencing low back pain.
False
Which of the following describes "ascites"?
Abdominal edema
T/F Estimating the date of delivery is calculated using Nägele's rule.
True
What levels of skin are damaged in a deep partial
thickness burn?-Epidermis and dermis down to the reticular layer
What is the actual cause of ischemic ulcers?
Reduction in oxygenation perfusion of the tissues
The perceived rate of exertion (RPE) is a subjective scale used to determine a safe level of intensity of activity for patients with cardiac problems. Which of the following statements regarding the RPE is true?
During exercise, the RPE, as well as the vital signs and any observable signs of discomfort, should be monitored.
Pressure garments are used in the healing process to reduce the occurrence of:
scarring.
Several physical therapy interventions may be indicated for people after pulmonary/thoracic surgery. Which of the following actions is NOT appropriate for the PTA to perform on someone who had such a surgery within the past few days?
Provide exercises of between 6 and 9 METs
Blurred vision, Charcot's arthropathy, increased appetite, and peripheral neuropathies are signs and symptoms of which disease?
Diabetes mellitus
Which of the following describe the motor abilities of an infant/child between 9 and 12 months of age?
Stands supported, cruises in standing while holding onto furniture, and walks with hand held or alone
According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, a score between 9 and 12 indicates:
moderate head injury.
Alzheimer's disease is categorized into stages. Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of the severe cognitive decline phase?
Inability to perform daily tasks; needing help with activities of daily living; changes in sleep-wake cycle; personality changes (which can lead to delusions); possible wandering and becoming lost
In response to a fall, the arms extend at the elbows and the fingers extend and abduct to protect the head. This reaction develops between 6 and 12 months of age. Which reflex/reaction does this scenario describe?
Parachute reaction
The treatment of this disease does NOT recommend chest physical therapy:
Rubeola
T/F The hepatitis A virus can be viable for months outside of the body.
True
T/F Upon finding out your patient has HIV/AIDS, you are allowed to inform all the therapists in your department.
False
Primitive reflexes are those reflexes present in the child or adult that are no longer a normal response to stimuli after a certain age. A primitive reflex elicited by an extension of the head, which causes increased extensor tone in the upper extremities and increased flexor tone in the lower extremities is called:
symmetrical tonic neck reflex.
T/F The two types of testicular cancer are seminomas and nonseminomas.
True
Which of the following is NOT a precaution for the physical therapist assistant who is working with a person with diabetes mellitus?
Keep whirlpool temperatures higher than 101°F.
T/F Botulism produces toxins that block the release of calcium, which causes paralysis of the muscles.
False
A pulse oximeter provides an estimate of the levels of oxygen saturation in hemoglobin (SaO2). Accepted normal SaO2ranges for individuals with no pulmonary disease are:
between 96% and 100%.
All of the following are complications of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT:
Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome.
Parkinson's disease results in movement and behavior dysfunction. Which of the following areas of the brain is affected in people with this disease?
Basal ganglia
During severe menstrual pain, which of the following physical therapy modalities is indicated?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
T/F Standard (universal) precautions are imperative for preventing nosocomial infections.
True
When teaching diaphragmatic breathing exercises, the PTA needs to ensure the patient understands that:
the abdomen raises during inhalation.
Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for a person with hemophilic arthritis of the knee?
A walking program to increase aerobic activity and improve muscle endurance
Which skin lesion is described as a flat area of skin that varies in size and color?
Macule
Which of the following is NOT a visual sign of Cushing's disease?
Weight loss
Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to make cortical hormones?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of the following is a secondary infection associated with AIDS?
Cytomegalovirus
Section 3
(50 cards)
T/F Leukemias are malignant neoplasms of the blood cells or blood forming organs often with no known cause.
True
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of iron deficient anemia?
Loss of muscle control
When a person stops breathing or has breathing that is too shallow to enable sufficient oxygen to perfuse in the lungs when asleep, it is called:
sleep apnea.
Placenta accrete
Implantation of the placenta deeply into the myometrium
A deformity of the knees associated with rheumatoid arthritis is called:
genu valgus.
Generally speaking, the lungs consist of 3 lobes on the right and 2 on the left.... respectively how many segments are in each lung?
10 and 9
The PRE (Perceived rate of exertion) is based upon which of the following?
subjective in nature, Borg scale
Which of the following characteristics is indicative of fibromyalgia?
Out of a possible 18 points on the body, 11 are hypersensitive to palpation.
A detailed knowledge of the infammatory process is essential for the PTA to be able to:
all the above
When treating a PVD (peripheral vascular disease) patient... the PTA should be careful not to:
Both A & B are contraindicated
Diphtheria
Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
T/F Metaplasia is the term used for an increase in cell size within an organ or tissue.
False
T/F Eschar is a type of healing tissue that leads to the final phase of healing of a wound.
False
RA is associated with _______ as OA is associated with ______ ?
Genu valgus, Genu Varum
Which of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of psoriatic arthritis?
Pencil in up deformity of the fingers.
Contractures (shortening of soft tissue structures, leading to the reduction of joint motion) occur due to:
adhesion
Which of the following hip precautions would the PTA need to ensure for the patient with an "anterolateral approach" surgery?
all of these
A disease characterized by polyarthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, fever and weight loss, sacroiliitis, and skin lesions on the feet, hands, and genitals is:
Reiter's syndrome.
Multigravida
Woman who has had several pregnancies
Anastomosis results in the formation of:
collateral circulation
T/F Unicondylar knee resurfacing is a surgery in which one side of the internal surface of the knee is replaced and is an alternative to a total knee arthroplasty.
True
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is one of the rheumatoid associated conditions. Which of the following is NOT typical of a person with AS?
Physical therapy interventions can reverse the effects of the ankylosis of the joints of the spine.
Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped out by:
one ventricle in 1 minute.
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted to humans by two types of deer tick. Which of the following statements regarding Lyme disease is FALSE?
The disease is treated with a short term course of antibiotics/antimicrobial medications.
A condition characterized by intestinal malabsorption with foul smelling feces, a productive cough, delayed onset of puberty, and male infertility is:
cystic fibrosis.
Placenta previa
Development of the placenta either completely or partly over the internal opening of the cervix
Dengue fever
Mosquito bite
T/F Breath sounds are detected using auscultation techniques with a stethoscope. Some of the abnormal or adventitious sounds include wheezing, rhonchi, crepitation's, and crackles (rales).
True
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome, shoulder hand syndrome, and causalgia. The condition affects the upper or lower extremities but is most commonly found in the upper extremities. Which of the following statements regarding CRPS is TRUE?
The signs and symptoms include severe pain, edema, and skin changes, including excessive hair growth, sweating, and loss of wrinkles in the skin of the affected limb.
In normal lungs, the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is usually what percentage of the vital capacity (VC)?
80%
T/F Adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine, dacarbazine, and bevacizumab are all types of chemotherapy medications for treating malignancy.
True
In order for the PTA to monitor patients during physical therapy sessions, the PTA must:
all these all crucial aspects of treating a cardiovascular patient
Primigravida
Woman pregnant for the first time
What stage of pressure ulcer would result in some skin breakdown (partial thickness loss) with blisters?
II
Tetralogy of Fallot is thought to be associated with which of the following?
Both A & B
Human papillomavirus
Sexual contact
Hantavirus
Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
A patient that is unable to breath on their own due to paralysis requires which of the following types of mechanical ventilation machines?
CMV
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also affects children. Which statement regarding juvenile forms of RA is NOT true?
Juvenile RA only affects one joint, usually the hip, and does not affect the internal organs.
Precautions and contraindications for working with patients with RA include all the following except:
use of adaptive safety equipment
Which of the following tumors are classified as "benign"?
Leiomyoma
Angiogenesis is:
the process of development of a blood supply to a tumor.
Which of the following are rationale for why PTA's need to know about hereditary disease?
all these are appropriate rationale
Primiparity
Woman who has given birth only once
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Tick bite
Which statement regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is NOT true?
Early morning stiffness generally lasts less than 30 minutes.
T/F Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X
linked, recessive, inherited, genetic disease that causes weakness and atrophy of muscles. The genetic defect causes a lack of dystrophin in the muscle.-True
T/F When working with individuals on the intensive care unit who have cardiac conditions, the PTA should alert the nurse to the treatment session in case lead wires from the cardiac monitor become detached during the treatment.
True
clinical picture of osteoarthrosis (OA) includes all the following EXCEPT:
morning stiffness that lasts several hours.
Which of the following is NOT a type of T lymphocyte?
Macrophage
Section 4
(50 cards)
Primitive reflexes are those reflexes present in the child or adult that are no longer a normal response to stimuli after a certain age. A primitive reflex elicited by an extension of the head, which causes increased extensor tone in the upper extremities and increased flexor tone in the lower extremities is called:
symmetrical tonic neck reflex.
Hemolytic Disease of the newborn (HDN) is consider a:
Type II Hypersensitivity
All of the following are protective functions of the skin EXCEPT:
protection from infrared light.
What is the actual cause of ischemic ulcers?
Reduction in oxygenation perfusion of the tissues
Signs of Down Syndrome include all the following except:
reduced risk of heart disease
A disease characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, including a malar rash on the face (butterfly rash), a discoid rash on the body, fatigue, weight loss or weight gain, Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis symptoms of several joints, internal organ involvement, gastrointestinal symptoms, and anemia is:
Reiter's syndrome
Which skin lesion is described as a flat area of skin that varies in size and color?
Macule
MRSA, VRE, VISA and MDR TB are all known as:
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Physical therapy can be indicated for this disease if left undetected in children and mental retardation occurs:
phenylketonuria.
Atelectasis refers to:
collapse of the lung
During severe menstrual pain, which of the following physical therapy modalities is indicated?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Which of the following statements regarding a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), also known as a brain attack, is NOT true?
The prognosis for people with a CVA of the brainstem is good.
According to the Glasgow Coma Scale, a score between 9 and 12 indicates:
moderate head injury.
Proof of immunity to this disease is required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration:
Varicella
T/F People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) can develop arthritic symptoms.
True
T/F Toxic shock syndrome has been linked to the use of tampons in women.
True
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often associated with other syndromes and phenomena. Which description best describes Raynaud's phenomenon?
White or bluish discoloration of the hands
Carpal tunnel syndrome resulting in entrapment of the median nerve is a clinical example of what type of "causative mechanism" resulting in chronic pain?
Mechanical
T/F Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body produces antibodies that destroy the acetylcholine receptors at the synapse in the neuromuscular junctions. This destruction of the receptors slows or stops the transmission of impulses across the synapse and results in weakness of the muscles.
True
All of the following are likely causes of peritonitis EXCEPT:
infection due to hemodialysis.
All of the following signs and symptoms are part of the AIDS dementia complex EXCEPT:
muscle weakness.
Pressure garments are used in the healing process to reduce the occurrence of:
scarring.
Parkinson's disease results in movement and behavior dysfunction. Which of the following areas of the brain is affected in people with this disease?
Basal ganglia
The brachial plexus consists of which of the following nerve roots?
C5 through T1
When working with patients with carcinoma of the stomach, the goal of physical therapy is to:
provide training in ambulation and activities of daily living.
Blurred vision, Charcot's arthropathy, increased appetite, and peripheral neuropathies are signs and symptoms of which disease?
Diabetes mellitus
Which of the following is NOT a true statement concerning cerebral palsy (CP)?
Children with CP frequently experience progressively increasing problems with the brain as they grow older.
All of the following are thermal injuries to the skin EXCEPT:
boils.
Which of the following conditions is associated MOST with trigger points in the muscles?
Myofascial pain syndrome
A second degree episiotomy is a tear that extends to:
layers of muscle of the perineum.
What is the name of the type of contraction known as false labor?
Braxton Hicks
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic medical test for digestive system diseases?
Testing for creatinine clearance
Alzheimer's disease is categorized into stages. Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of the severe cognitive decline phase?
Inability to perform daily tasks; needing help with activities of daily living; changes in sleep-wake cycle; personality changes (which can lead to delusions); possible wandering and becoming lost
The treatment of this disease does NOT recommend chest physical therapy:
Rubeola
Psoriatic Arthritis which tends to involve one joint, of the hands, feet or knee is known as:
asymmetrical
Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system?
Rectum
T/F People with asthma may be helped with physical therapy for postural drainage positioning, chest percussions, vibrations, and shaking to assist with the removal of lung secretions.
True
Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the adrenal glands to make cortical hormones?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of the following describes why the mobilization of joints on a pregnant woman is NOT recommended?
Relaxing of the ligaments
The area of the brain associated with emotions is the:
limbic system.
What is another name for a Foley catheter?
Indwelling catheter
T/F Cultural differences can affect the way individuals perceive pain.
True
Which of the following diseases is NOT sexually transmitted?
Hepatitis A
Boutonniére's deformity is characterized by:
extension of the MCP joint, flexion of the PIP joint, and hyperextension of the DIP joint.
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV), is best describes as:
Extra air that can be exhaled over TV
With RA, a flexed MCP, hyperextended PIP and flexed DIP would be called a ______ deformity?
Swan neck
Some risk factors for the development of cancer can be avoided, whereas others cannot. Which of the following is NOT considered a controllable risk factor?
A family history of a specific kind of cancer
T/F Most people with endocrine system problems have increased strength and vigor.
False
Which signs and symptoms are typical of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Pannus formation in the joints, and boutonnière's and swan-neck deformities
A disease characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, including calcium deposits in the skin (calcinosis), sclerodactyly (thickening and tightening of the skin of fingers and toes), esophageal hypomotility (reduced ability of the esophagus to propel food), tightening of the skin of the face, joint stiffness, weakness, and muscle atrophy is:
scleroderma.
Section 5
(45 cards)