Section 1
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Which approach to bandwidth usage consumes all the available frequencies on a medium to transmit data?
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Cards (128)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Which approach to bandwidth usage consumes all the available frequencies on a medium to transmit data?
Baseband.
What is a channel?
A pathway.
How are the upper layers of the OSI stack grouped?
Bits are grouped together, into what is known as protocol data unit or a data service unit.
What does PDU stand for?
Protocol Data Unit.
Identify the well-known UDP port number for Network Time Protocol or NTP.
Port 123. User Datagram Protocol or UDP
What is state transition modulation?
Where the transition between voltage or the presence of light indicates a binary value.
Which layer uses Bits?
Physical layer or layer 1.
Which layer uses segments?
Transport layer or layer 4.
What type of multiplexing supports different communications sessions on the same physical medium by causing the sessions to take turns.
Time-division multiplexing or TDM.
What are the color codes for the RJ-45?
1-orange/white, 2-orange, 3-green/white, 4-blue, 5-blue/white, 6-green, 7-brown/white, 8-brown.
Layer 5 is known as what?
Session Layer. Function: Establish and close communication between two nodes and coordinates communication. Hardware: Gateways. Protocols: NFS, DSN, SQL, RPC, NetBIOS, X.25, SMB. Keywords: Establish and terminate a communication session, log on, user name, password, authentication, assign services through port number.
What is this a picture of?
OSI Model and TCP/IP stack DoD Model.
Which layer is concern with package data in to frames and transmitting those frames on the network, performing error detection/correction, uniquely ID network devices with an address, and handling flow control?
Data Link Layer or Layer 2.
What strategy allows multiple communications session to share the same physical medium.
Multiplexing Strategy.
What base should the RJ-45 wired?
100BaseSE-TX Ethernet network.
The physical layer is represented by what?
Binary expressions. A single bit is a single 1 or 0.
Windowing is provided at what layer of OSI reference model?
Transport Layer or Layer 4.
Layer 2 is known as what?
Data Link Layer. Function: Prepares data for media access and defines frame format. Hardware: Bridges, switches, Wireless access points, network interface cards (NIC). Protocols: CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, LLDP. Keywords: MAC address, hardware address, LLC, CRC, frames types, frames, topologies, contention.
What is Asynchronous?
Not at at the same rate or timing is not required. The sender places a start bit at the beginning of each data frame and stop bit a the end of each data frame.
Identify the four layers of the TCP/IP stack (bottom up).
Network interface layer, Internet layer, Transport layer, Application layer.
What is current state modulation?
The presence or the absence of voltage (on copper) or light (on fiber) representing 1 or 0.
What is broadband?
Divides the bandwidth available on a medium into different channels. Example: Cable Modem.
What does the mnemonics Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away stand for?
The OSI stack starting with layer 1. Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
Layer 3 is known as what?
Network Layer. Function: Navigates outside of the LAN. Hardware: Router (layer 3 Switches), Protocols: IP, IPX, AppleTalk, ICMP, RIP, RIPv2, ARP, OSPE, IGRP, RARP, BGP, NLSP, IS-IS, EIRGP. Keywords: IP address, routing, packets, datagrams, network address, packet switching, logical address, best and shortest route.
What does OSI stand for?
Open Systems Interconnection.
What are the two fundamental approaches to bandwidth usage on a network?
Broadband and Baseband.
What type of multiplexing divides a medium's frequency range into channels, and different communication sessions transmit their data over different channel. Also known as broadband.
Frequency-division multiplexing or FDM
What is baseband?
Uses all the available frequencies on a medium to transmit data. Example: Ethernet.
Layer 6 is known as what?
Presentation Layer. Function: Convert to common format such as ASCII, data encryption, and compression. Hardware: Gateways. Protocols: MPEG, WAV, MIDI, QuickTIme. Keywords: ASCII, Unicode, EBCDIC, CODEC, and bit order.
Layer 4 is known as what?
Transport Layer. Function: Sequence packets, ensure error free delivery, takes over after the session has been established. Hardware: Gateway (layer 4 switches). Protocols: TCP, UDP, SPX. Keywords: Segments, windowing, flow control, transport packets, error checking, port numbers.
What is the range of well-know TCP and UDP ports?
Below 1024.
What is the standard for RJ-45 connector?
TIA/EIA-568-B.
The control under layer 2 is known as what?
Data Link Control or DLC.
How many pairs are in a RJ-45 connector?
4 pair, 8 wire.
What type of multiplexing makes more efficient use of available bandwidth by dynamically assigns time slots to communications session on an as needed basis.
Statistical time-division multiplexing or StatTDM.
Which layer uses frames?
Data Link layer or layer 2.
What does the mnemonics Some People Fear Birthdays?
Segments, Packets, Frames, Bits.
IP addresses reside at which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection or OSI reference model?
Network Layer or Layer 3.
Which of the following is a connectionless transport layer protocol?
UDP. User Datagram Protocol.
Layer 1 is known as what?
Physical layer. Function: The physical aspect of the network. Hardware: Media. Protocol: NA. Keywords: Bit, byte, cable, media, topology, transmission, voltage, digital signal.
Layer 7 is known as what?
Application Layer. Function: User Interface. Hardware: Gateways. Protocols: HTTP, FTP, WWW, SNAP, SMB, SMTP, Telnet, POP, IMAP. Keywords: Browser, e-mail, network appications.
What is the Physical layer?
Concerned with the transmission of bits on the network along with the physical and electrical characteristics of the network.
Which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection or OSI reference model contain the Media Access Control or MAC and Logic Link Control or LLC sublayers?
Data Link Layer or Layer 2.
The TCP/IP stack is also know as what?
DoD model which focuses on IP communications.
Which protocol supports a secure connection to a remote host via terminal emulation software?
SSH or Secure Shell.
In the physical layer what two approaches are used to synchronize bits?
Asynchronous and Synchronous.
Identify three e-mail protocols.
SMTP, POP3, IMAP4.
Which layer uses packets?
Network layer or layer 3.
What is Synchronous?
At the same rate or timing is required. Ensure that they agree on when bits begin and end.
How many layers in the OSI model?
Seven.
Section 2
(50 cards)
What task does buffering perform in the layer 4?
Allocates a chunk of memory to store segments if bandwidth is not currently available to transmit those segments. A queue has a finite capacity and can overflow in the event of sustained network congestion.
What does ICMP stand for?
Internet Control Message Protocol.
Which layer is responsible for setting up, maintaining, and tearing down sessions?
Session Layer or layer 5.
In the Network layer/layer 3 what does the connection service task perform?
Connection services at the network layer can improve the communication reliability in the event that the data link's LLC sublayer is not performing connection services.
What is flow control?
Limits the amount of data a sender can send at one time to prevents the receiver from being overwhelmed with too much information.
Which layer acts as dividing line between the upper layers and lower layers of the OSI model?
Transport layer or layer 4.
In the Network layer or layer 3 (Routers) what does the switching perform?
Makes decision about how data should be forward.
In the session layer what is involved in maintaining a session?
Transferring data, Reestablishing a disconnected session, acknowledging receipt of data.
Which layer has its own sublayers?
Data Link Layer or Layer 2 (Bridges, Switches, Wireless Access Points, NIC).
What does the TCP do in the layer 4?
Connection oriented transport protocols provide reliable transport in that if a segment is dropped the sender can detect that drop and retransmit that dropped segment. Receiver acknowledges segments that it receives.
What are the characteristics of the Media Access Control or MAC?
Physical addressing.
What are the sublayers in the Data Link Layer or Layer 2 called?
MAC and LLC.
What two services are provided by the connection services in the layer 3 or the Network Layer (routers).
Flow control and Packet recording.
In the Network layer/layer 3 what does the message switching task perform?
Not well suited for real-time applications because of the delay involved. A data stream is divided into message. Each message is tagged with a destination address, and the messages travel from one network device to another network device on the way to their destination.
What are the two functions of the Presentation layer?
Data formatting and Encryption.
What is the task of encryption in layer 6?
Encryption can be used to scramble up the data in such a way that if the data were intercepted, a third party would not be able to unscramble it.
What are the two common transport layer protocols?
Transmission Control Protocol or TCP and User Datagram Protocol or UDP.
What does LLC stand for?
Logical Link Control. It is a sublayer of layer 2.
What does packet recording at the connection services provide?
Allows packets to be placed in the appropriate sequence as they are sent to the receiver.
In the Network layer/layer 3 what does the packet switching perform?
Data stream is divided in to packets. Each packet has a layer 3 addresses.
In the session layer what is involved in setting up a session?
Checking user credentials, Assigning numbers to session's communications flows to uniquely id each flow, negotiating services required during the session, negotiating which device begins sending data.
What is the main responsibility of the layer 3 (routers) or Network layer?
Logical addressing, switching, route discovery and selection, connection services, bandwidth usage, multiplexing strategy.
What is Isochronous in Logical Link Control or LLC?
Network devices look to a common device in the network as a clock source, which creates fixed-length time slots.
Flow control at the connection services is also known as what?
Congestion control.
Which layer is responsible for the formatting of data being exchanged and securing that data with encryption?
Presentation layer or layer 6.
What is Asynchronous in Logical Link Control or LLC?
Network devices reference their own internal clocks and network devices do not need to synchronize. Instead, the sender places a start bit at the beginning of each data frame and a stop bit at the end of each data frame.
The first 24 bits of the 48 bit address is referred to as what?
Vendor Code.
What is another term for packet switching?
Routing.
What layer provides application services to a network. This layer supports services used by end user applications.
Application layer or layer 7 (user interface).
What task does windowing perform in the layer 4?
TCP communication uses windowing. One or more segments are sent at one time and a receiver can acknowledge the receipt of all the segments in a window with a single acknowledgment.
In the Network layer or layer 3 what does the route discovery and selection task perform?
Needs to know how to reach various net work addresses. A router can maintain a routing table indicating how to forward a packet based on the packet's destination and network address. A router can have its routing table populated via manual configuration via a dynamic routing protocol or simply by the fact the router is directly connected to certain networks
What task does the Internet Control Message Protocol or ICMP do?
Used by utilities such as ping and traceroute.
Layer 2 devices view a network as what kind of topology?
Logical Topology.
In the Network layer/layer 3 what does the logical addressing task perform?
The network layer uses logical addressing to make forwarding decision.
What does the UDP in the transport layer do?
A connectionless transport protocol. Provide unreliable transport in that if a segment is dropped the sender is unaware of the drop and no retransmission occurs.
What is Synchronous in Logical Link Control or LLC?
Two networks devices that want to communicate between themselves must agree on a clocking method to indicate the beginning and ending of data frames.
What is the Session?
A session can be thought of as a conversation that needs to be treated separately from other sessions to avoid intermingling of data from different conversations. Located at Layer 5 of the OSI Model.
In terms of connection services. What are the two main functions provided by acknowledgement messages.
Flow Control and Error Control.
What is the most common layer 3 protocol in use today?
IPv4. IPv6 is beginning to be more common on the networks today.
What is error control?
Allows the recipient of data to let the sender know whether the expected data frame was not received or whether it was received but is corrupted.
In the Network layer or layer 3 what does the circuit switching task perform?
Brings up a dedicated communication link between two parties for those parties to communicate.
What does flow control at the connection services provide?
Help prevents a sender from sending data more rapidly than the receiver is capable of receiving the data.
True or False. Network Interface Card or NIC are not entirely defined at the data link layer because they are partially based on physical layer standards, such as a NIC's network connector?
True.
In the session layer what is involved in tearing down a session?
A session can be disconnected based on mutual agreement of the devices in the session or a session might be torn down because one party disconnects.
MAC address has how many bits?
48 bits address which is assigned to the Network Interface Card or NIC. First 24 bits is known as the vendor code.
What are the three methods of synchronizing transmissions the Logical Link Control or LLC?
Isochronous, Asynchronous, Sychronous.
What is Round trip time or RTT?
It is when the receiver does not acknowledge successful receipt of segment within a certain time period.
How does the Transport layer transmit messages?
Messages from the upper layer are encapsulated into segments for transmission to the lower layers.
What is the task of data formatting in layer 6?
The presentation layer is responsible for formatting the text in a format that allows compatibility between the communicating devices.
What are the two flow control approaches at layer 4 or the Transport layer?
Windowing and Buffering.
Section 3
(28 cards)