Section 1
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Euphemism
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (100)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Euphemism
a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common __ for "he died." They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation.
Syllogism
From the Greek for "reckoning together," a __ is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.
Sarcasm
from the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device.
Invective
an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.
Epigraph
The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein.
Parody
A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.
Anecdote
A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point.
Anaphora
repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.
Transition
a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph.
Metaphor
a direct comparison between dissimilar things. "Your eyes are stars" is an example.
Allusion
A reference contained in a work
Situational Irony
a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.
Ad Hominem
In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."
Narrative
The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.
Oxymoron
From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."
Imagery
The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, __ uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory. For example, a rose may present visual __ while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks.
Homily
This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.
Either-or reasoning
When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives.
Periodic Sentence
A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.
Alliteration
The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."
Equivocation
When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument.
Satire
A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, ___ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. The effect of __, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition.
Pathos
an appeal based on emotion.
Connotation
the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.
Irony
The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.
Logos
an appeal based on logic or reason
Cumulative Sentence
Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars
Euphony
the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.
Cacophony
harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word.
Symbol
generally, anything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually, a ___ is something concrete—such as an object, action, character, or scene—that represents something more abstract.
Hyperbole
a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement
Understatement
the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.
Synecdoche
. a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.
Onomatopoeia
a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum.
Metonomy
a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared"
Figure of Speech
A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.
Voice
can refer to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive). The second refers to the total "sound" of the writer's style.
Verbal Irony
In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning
Denotation
the literal or dictionary meaning of a word
Paradox
A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.
Antithesis
the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ."
Argument
A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer
Syntax
The grammatical structure of prose and poetry.
Ethos
an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author.
Infer
To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.
Causal Relationship
In __, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.
Begging the Question
Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.
Dramatic Irony
In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work
Abstract Language
Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places.
Pedantic
An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.
Section 2
(50 cards)