Section 1
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Open Classes
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Last updated
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Date created
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Cards (69)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Open Classes
Groups of lexical words able to expand their own inventories.
Vowel
A human speech sound produced without obstruction at a particular point in the vocal tract. All vowels are voiced.
Morpheme
Minimal unit of form and meaning.
Manner of Articulation
The degree of obstruction in the vocal tract that creates a consonant sound
Etymon
An older form of a word
Schwa Insertion Rule
Insert a schwa and attach S3 Rule
D2 Rule
Follows a voiced sound: ban —> banD (banned)
Functional Shift
The movement of a word from one category to another without any morphological changes.
Phoneme
Minimal contrastive segmental unit; smallest unit of sound that differentiates one word from another; minimal unit of analysis for phonology
Natural Class of Sounds
Groups of phonemes that share a manner of articulation
Semantic Shift
A change in meaning brought about over time.
Articulately Projects
Manner of Articulation, Point of Articulation, Voiced or Voiceless Sounds. The name of a sound is essentially an inventory of its articulately properties
D1 Rule
Follows a voiceless sound: walk —> walkT
Contrastive Segmental Unit (phoneme)
Interchanging sounds can change the meaning of the word. Ex) caP —> caB
Obstruction
To block
How do you name phonemes (consonants)?
(Allophones Distinction), Voicing, Point of Articulation, Natural Class
Complimentary Distribution
A pattern of distribution in which a sound occurs in only one place and no other because of the phonological environment. For instance, an aspirated stop occurs only at the beginning of an accented syllable so none of the other allophones for stops can occur in that environment. Ex) /p/ at the beginning of "pot" sounds different than /p/ in "spot" because it is the first sound in the syllable in "pot" but the sound sound in "spot." Those variations of /p/ cannot trade places.
Minimal Pair
A pair of words that differ by a single phoneme *has to have the same number of sounds Ex) pot —> pit or bus —> buzz
Stem
Affix (prefix or suffix) that chances a words meaning or part of speech.
Inflectional Morpheme
An affix (usually a suffix) that alters a words grammatical status.
Compound
Union of two or more free morphemes which creates a new word based on the rightmost element.
S1 Rule
Follows a voiceless sound: cat —> cats
Derivational Morpheme
Free morpheme or series of morphemes that form the basis for further derivation.
Closed Sets
Groups of function words that have relatively fixed inventories serve grammatical purposes (pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, prepositions)
Reflex
A newer version of an older word
D3 Rule
Follows [t or d]: end —> endED
Free Morpheme
Morpheme that stands alone as a word.
Cognates
Related words in different languages that descend from a common source.
Diphthong
A vowel phoneme that moves from one position to another within a syllable
Borrowing
The adoption of a word or morpheme from one language to another
Allomorph
Predictable variant of a morpheme.
Allophone
Predictable variant of a phoneme created by the phonological environment
Morphology
Study of form and meaning.
S2 Rule
Follows a voiced sound: wall —> wallZ
Root
Lexical free morpheme that acts as a stem for further derivation.
Lexicon
The inventory of morphemes in a language or in the mind of a speaker
Voiced Sound
A human speech sound produced with vibration of the vocal cords
S3 Rule
Follows /s, z, š, ž, č, j (w crown)/: church —> churcheZ
Voiceless Sound
A human speech sound produced without vibration of the vocal cord
Free Variation
A pattern of distribution in which more than one variety of a sound may occur in the same phonological environment without changing the meaning or perception of the word.
Point of Articulation
The unmovable part of the vocal tract where the air is obstructed when making a human speech sound
Bound Morpheme
Morpheme that must attach to a root/stem.
How do you name phonemes (vowels)?
(Allophonic Distinction), Tension, Vertical Placement, Lateral Placement, Natural Class
Articulation
Formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech
Semantic Field
A group of loanwords related by use or subject
Semantics
The study of meaning.
Consonant
A human speech sound produced by a partial or total obstruction of air at a particular point in the vocal tract. A small number of English consonants are voiceless. SAE has 24 phonemic consonants
Homorganic Sounds
Groups of phonemes that share a point of articulation
Etymology
The semantic history of a word
SAE
Standard American English
Section 2
(19 cards)