Section 1
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internal intercostals
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (199)
Section 1
(50 cards)
internal intercostals
origin: lower border of ribs insertion: costal cartilage of rib above or rib of origin innervation: intercostal nerves blood supply: anterior intercostal arteries and many more action: prevents pushing out or drawing in of intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, lowers ribs in forced expiration
infraspinatus
origin: scapula and deep fascia insertion: humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve blood supply: suprascapular artery action: lateral rotation of arm (with teres minor)
iliocostalis
origin: posterior sacrum insertion: angles of lower ribs, cervical transverse processes innervation: dorsal rami blood supply: (three portions) action: extends and bends vertebral column and head
pectoralis minor
origin: ribs 3-5 insertion: coracoid process scapula innervation: medial pectoral nerve blood supply: pectoral branch thoracic-acromial and intercostal lateral thoracic arteries action: lowers lateral angle of scapula and protracts scapula
filum terminale
acromion process
serratus posterior inferior
origin: T11-L2 insertion: ribs 9-12 innervation: ventral rami blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries action: depresses ribs
ligamentum flavum
trapezius
origin: C7-T12 insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula innervation: accessory nerve blood supply: transverse cervical artery, dorsal perforating branches of posterior intercostal arteries action: elevates, retracts and rotates scapula (scapulERR)
subclavius
origin: first rib insertion: clavicle innervation: nerve to subclavius blood supply: clavicular branch of thoraco-acromial artery action: anchor and depress clavicle
semispinalis
suspensory ligaments of cooper
external intercostals
origin: lower border of ribs insertion: upper border of rib innervation: intercostal nerves blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries and many more action: supports intercostal spaces in inspiration and expiration, elevates ribs in inspiration
clavicle
triceps brachii
origin: scapula and humerus insertion: olecranon process of ulna innervation: radial nerve blood supply: brachial artery action: extend forearm at elbow, extend and adduct arm at shoulder
sternocleidomastoid
origin: manubrium and clavicle insertion: mastoid processes innervation: accessory nerve blood supply: sternocleidomastoid branch of superior thyroid and occipital arteries action: bilaterally- flex head, raise thorax, unilaterally- turn head towards opposite side
suprascapular notch
nuchal ligament
manubriosternal joint
latissimus dorsi
origin: T7-L5 insertion: humerus innervation: thoracodorsal nerve blood supply: thoracodorsal artery, dorsal perforating branches of 9-11 posterior intercostal, subcostal, and first three lumbar arteries action: extend, adduct, and medially rotate humerus (MEA L)
levator scapulae
origin: C1-C4 insertion: medial border of scapula innervation: dorsal scapular blood supply: dorsal scapular artery action: elevates scapula medially, inferiorly rotates glenoid cavity
cauda equina
thoracolumbar fascia
manubrium
conus medullaris
adults- ends at L1-L2 newborn- ends at L3 24 weeks- ends at S1 8 weeks- all the way down vertebral column
rhomboid major
origin: T2-T5 insertion: medial border of scapula innervation: dorsal scapular nerve blood supply: dorsal scapular artery or deep branch transverse cervical artery action: fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates glenoid cavity
dura mater
mastoid process
greater occipital nerve
splenius capitis
origin: nuchal ligament C7-T3 insertion: mastoid process temporal bone innervation: dorsal rami blood supply: descending branch occipital artery, deep cervical artery action: bilaterally- extend head, unilaterally- laterally bends and rotates face to same side
vertebra prominens (C7)
supraspinatus
origin: scapula and deep fascia insertion: humerus innervation: suprascapular nerve blood supply: suprascapular artery action: initiates arm abduction, acts with rotator cuffs
multifidus
origin: T1-T12 and C4-C7 insertion: above vertebrae innervation: dorsal rami blood supply: (three sections) action: stabilizes spine
rhomboid minor
origin: ligamentum nuchae, C7-T1 insertion: medial border of scapula at spine innervation: dorsal scapular nerve blood supply: dorsal scapular artery or deep branch transverse cervical artery action: fixes scapula to thoracic wall and retracts and rotates to depress glenoid cavity
xiphoid process
erector spinae
pectoralis major
origin: clavicle, sternum of 7th rib, cartilage true ribs, aponeurosis external oblique insertion: humerus innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerve blood supply: pectoral branch thoracic-acromial artery, perforating branches internal thoracic artery action: flexes and adducts arm, rotates arm medially (FAM)
external occipital protuberance
iliac crests
deltoid
origin: anterior clavicle, spine of scapula insertion: humerus innervation: axillary nerve blood supply: posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoracic-acromial artery action: flex and medially rotate arm, abduct arm above 15 degrees, extend and laterally rotate arm (FAMEL)
longissimus
origin: posterior sacrum insertion: between tubercles of ribs, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, mastoid process innervation: dorsal rami blood supply: (three sections) action: extends and bends vertebral column and head
rotatores
origin: transverse processes vertebrae insertion: lamina and transverse processes innervation: dorsal rami blood supply: dorsal branches segmental arteries action: stabilize, extend, rotate spine
humerus
posterior longitudinal ligament
damaged during hyperflexion
infraspinatus fascia
coracoid process
serratus posterior superior
origin: C7-T3 insertion: ribs 2-4 innervation: ventral rami blood supply: posterior intercostal arteries action: elevates ribs
spinalis
origin: posterior sacrum insertion: spinous processes of upper vertebrae innervation: dorsal rami blood supply: (three sections) action: extends and bends vertebral column and head
denticulate ligaments
keep spinal cord in place, landmark between anterior and posterior rootlets
superior nuchal line
Section 2
(50 cards)
coracobrachialis
origin: coracoid process insertion: medial surface humerus innervation: musculocutaneous nerve blood supply: brachial artery action: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
spinal accessory nerve
NOT part of brachial plexus (cranial nerve XI) sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
extensor pollicis brevis
origin: posterior ulna insertion: thumb innervation: radial nerve blood supply: posterior interosseous action: extend thumb
extensor carpi radialis
origin: humerus insertion: metacarpal innervation: radial nerve blood supply: radial artery action: extend and adduct wrist
upper subscapularis
subscapularis
abductor digiti minimi brevis
origin: pisiform bone and tendon flexor carpi ulnaris insertion: medial pinky innervation: ulnar blood supply: ulnar artery action: abduct pinky
flexor digitorum superficialis
origin: medial epicondyle humerus, coronoid process ulna, superior half anterior radius insertion: middle phalanges medial four digits innervation: median nerve blood supply: ulnar and radial arteries action: flexes middle and proximal phalanges, flexes at PIP
suprascapular nerve
supra and infraspinatous
ulnar innervations
all the muscles of the hand BESIDES 2LOAF (opponens digitis minimi, flexor digits minimi, aBductor digitis minimi, 3rd and 4th lumbircals, palmar brevis, dorsal and palmar interosseous, aDductor pollicis)
teres minor
origin: scapula insertion: humerus innervation: axillary nerve blood supply: circumflex scapular artery action: laterally rotate arm
second part axillary artery
thoracoacromial artery Clavicular Acromial Deltoid Pectoral lateral thoracic artery
median innervations
2 L lumbricals O opponens policis A aBductor policis brevis F flexor policis brevis anterior forearm
long thoracic nerve
serratus anterior, can be compromised in mastectomy, C5-C7 roots
opponens pollicis brevis
origin: flexor retinaculum and trapezium insertion: lateral thumb innervation: median nerve blood supply: radial artery action: draw thumb forward and medially rotate (opposition)
palmaris longus
origin: medial epicondyle humerus insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis innervation: median nerve blood supply: posterior ulnar recurrent artery action: flex hand at wrist and theres palmar aponeurosis
flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle humerus insertion: 2nd metacarpal innervation: median nerve blood supply: radial artery action: flex and aBduct hand at wrist
extensor digiti minimi
origin: humerus insertion: pinky innervation: radial nerve blood supply: posterior interosseous action: extend pinky
biceps brachii
origin: scapula insertion: radial tuberosity forearm innervation: musculocutaneous blood supply: brachial artery action: flex and supinate forearm
first part axillary artery
superior thoracic artery
lower subscapularis
subscapularis and teres major
thoracodorsal nerve
latissimus dorsi
extensor carpi ulnaris
origin: lateral epicondyle humerus insertion: 5th metacarpal innervation: radial nerve blood supply: posterior interosseous action: extend hand and adduct wrist
subscapularis
origin: subscapular fossa insertion: lesser tubercle humerus innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves blood supply: subscapular artery action: adduct and medially rotate arm (AM)
third part axillary artery
subscapular artery -circumflex scapular artery -thoracodorsal artery posterior humeral circumflex artery anterior humeral circumflex artery
lateral nerves
lateral pectoral nerve lateral contribution median nerve musculocutaneous nerve
axillary innervations
deltoid and teres minor
radial innervations
B brachioradialis E extensors S supinators T triceps
pronator teres
origin: medial epicondyle humerus and coronoid process ulna insertion: lateral surface radius innervation: median nerve blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent artery action: pronates
rotator cuff muscles
S subscapularis I infraspinatus T teres minor S supraspinatus
pronator quadratus
origin: anterior ulna insertion: anterior radius innervation: median nerve blood supply: anterior ulnar recurrent artery action: pronates
extensor pollicis longus
origin: posterior radius insertion: thumb innervation: radial nerve blood supply: posterior interosseous action: extend thumb
subclavian artery
V vertebral I internal thoracic T thyrocervical trunk C costocervical D dorsal scapular
flexor pollicis longus
origin: anterior surface radius insertion: palmar base of thumb innervation: median nerve blood supply: anterior interosseous artery action: flexes thumb
musculocutaneous innervations
B biceps brachii B brachialis C coracobrachialis
posterior nerves
S subscapularis upper T thoracodorsal A axillary R radial S subscapularis lower
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: medial epicondyle humerus, olecranon ulna insertion: pisiform bone, hook, 5th metacarpal innervation: ulnar nerve blood supply: posterior ulnar recurrent artery action: flexes and adduct hand at wrist
supinator
origin: lateral epicondyle humerus insertion: proximal third radius innervation: radial nerve blood supply: radial recurrent artery action: supinates
flexor digitorm profundus
origin: ulna insertion: palmar arch medial four digits innervation: ulnar nerve and medial nerve blood supply: anterior interosseous artery, ulnar artery action: flex DIP, flex hand at wrist
triangular space
circumflex scapular artery
abductor pollicis longus
origin: posterior ulna radius and interosseous insertion: thumb innervation: radial blood supply: posterior interosseous action: abduct and extend thumb
lateral pectoral
pec major
medial nerves
medial pectoral nerve medial contribution ot medial nerve medial cutaneous brachia nerve medial cutaneous antebrachii nerve ulnar nerve
extensor digitorum
origin: lateral epicondyle humerus insertion: medial four digits innervation: radial nerve blood supply: posterior interosseous artery action: extend medial four digits
quadrangular space
axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery
medial pectoral
pec major and minor
long thoracic nerve
runs superficial to serratus anterior superior, C5,6,7, issues raising hand to heaven and winged scapula (protrusion of medial border when hands are pushed against wall) with injury
extensor indicis
origin: posterior ulna insertion: index finger innervation: radial nerve blood supply: posterior interosseous action: extend index finger
dorsal scapular nerve
rhomboid muscles and levator scapula
teres major
origin: scapula insertion: humerus innervation: lower subscapular nerve blood supply: circumflex scapular artery action: adduct and medially rotate arm (AM)
brachioradialis
origin: humerus insertion: coronoid process ulna innervation: musculocutaneous and radial nerve blood supply: radial recurrent artery, brachial artery action: flex forearm at elbow
Section 3
(50 cards)
anterior longitudinal ligament
damaged during hyperextension
serratus anterior
origin: angle of ribs 1-9 insertion: medial border of scapula innervation: long thoracic nerve blood supply: lateral thoracic artery and thoracodorsal artery action: allows for rotation of scapular to allow for abduction past 90 degrees, accessory muscle of respiration
quadrates lumborum
insertion: transverse process L vertebrae, rib XII innervation: anterior rami T12 and L1-L4 action: depress and stabilize rib XII and some lateral bending trunk
genitofemoral innervations
L1-2 genial branch: cremaster and scrotum femoral branch: skin in femoral triangle
iliopsoas
iliac and psoas major come together through lesser trochanter of femur innervation: femoral nerve blood supply: anterior rami L1-L3, femoral artery action: flex thigh at hip
internal obliques
deep to external oblique, fibers run down and out unilaterally: anterior flexion bilaterally: lateral flexion innervation: segmental nerves
iliacus
insertion: lesser trochanter femur innervation: femoral nerve (L2-L4) action: flex thigh at hip joint
cubital fossa
border: line between epicondyles, brachioradialis, pronator teres contents: Tendon biceps Artery (brachial) Nerve (median)
inguinal canal
contents: ilioinguinal nerve (L1), males- spermatic cord, females-round ligament of uterus boundaries: anterior wall- external oblique aponeurosis posterior wall- transversals fascia roof- arching fibers transverse abdomens and internal obliques floor-medial inguinal ligament
femoral innervations
L2-4, skin of anterior thigh, medial leg, hip and knee joints, quadriceps femoris, pectineal, sartorius muscles
psoas minor
sometimes absent insertion: pectineal line of pelvic brim and iliopubic eminence innervation: L1 action: weak flexion lumbar vertebral column
coccygeus
innervation: S3 S4 action: contributes to pelvic floor, pulls coccyx forward after defecation
palmar interosseous
origin: sides of metacarpals 2-5 insertion: base phalanges digits 2-4 innervation: ulnar blood supply: deep palmar arch action: adduct and flex digits
transverses abdominus
deep to internal oblique, fibers run in transverse direction unilaterally: anterior flexion bilaterally: lateral flexion innervation: segmental nerves
transversus thoracis
radiates out from sternum innervation: intercostal nerves
posterior abdominal wall
median umbilical fold- obliterated umbilical artery medial umbilical fold lateral umbilical fold- inferior epigastric artery and vein arcuate line- rectus abdomens can be seen below through the peritoneum and transversalis fascia
inguinal ligament
aponeurosis from external obliques
pyramidalis
small triangular muscle anterior to rectus abdomens inferiorly action: tenses linea alba innervation: T12
piriformis
innervation: nerve to piriformis (S1-2) blood supply: action: lateral rotator femur
lateral femoral cutaneous innervations
L2-3, skin of anterior and lateral thigh
nerve to piriformis
S1-2, piriformis and superior gemellus
carpal bones
SHE Scaphoid LOOKS Lunate TOO Triquetrum PRETTY Pisiform TRY Trapezium TO Trapezoid CATCH Capitate HER Hamate
veins arm and relationship to Pacemaker
basilic (medial- paired brachial branch off here) and cephalic (lateral- drains lateral and posterior parts of hand, forearm, and arm- where Pacemaker is inserted) veins join up to form the axillary vein at teres major which then becomes the subclavian vein-->left brachiocephalic -->SVC -->RA-->RV
axillary lymph nodes
humeral (lateral)- more of the lympathic drainage from upper limb pectoral (anterior)- drainage from abdominal wall, chest, and mammary gland subscapular (posterior)- drain posterior axillary wall, lymph from back, shoulder, and neck central- receive tributaries from humeral, subscapular, and pectoral apical- drain all other lymph nodes in the region, receive lymph vessels that accompany cephalic vein and vessels that drain superior region of mammary gland
superior gluteal innervations
L4-S1, gluteus medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata
anatomical snuff box
lateral border: abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis medial border: extensor pollicis brevis floor: scaphoid and trapezium contains: radial artery, radial nerve, cephalic vein
dorsal interosseous
origin: adjacent metacarpal bones insertion: base phalanges digits 2-4 innervation: ulnar blood supply: radial action: extend and abduct hand at wrist
triangle of auscultation
borders: lat dorsi, trapezius, medial border scapula importance: hear lung sounds
palmaris brevis
origin: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum insertion: skin palm innervation: ulnar blood supply: superficial palmar arch action: assist in grip
Guyon's canal
contains: ulnar nerve and ulnar artery borders: hook of hamate and pisiform bone
inferior gluteal innervations
L5-S2, gluteus maximus
flexor retinaculum
underneath: flexor tendon and medial nerve (carpal tunnel)
levator ani
iliococygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis innervation: S2 to S4 action: contributes to pelvic floor, support pelvic viscera, maintain angle between rectum and anal canal, reinforces internal and external sphincter, functions as vaginal sphincter
common fibular innervations
L4-S2, skin and muscles anterior leg, lateral leg, dorsal foot
lumbricals
origin: digitorum profundis insertion: digits 2-5 innervation: median and ulnar blood supply: superficial and deep palmar arches action: flex MCP while allowing for extension at DIP (extensor hood) lesions: cause full claw hand
external obliques
immediately deep to superficial fascia, fibers run down and in, lower border of aponeurosis forms inguinal ligament, also forms lacunar ligament (medial thicker portion of inguinal ligament attaches to pubic bone) unilaterally: anterior flexion bilaterally: lateral flexion innervation: segmental nerves
flexor pollicis brevis
origin: tubercle trapezium insertion: thumb innervation: median nerve blood supply: ? action: flex thumb
flexor digiti minimi
origin: flexor retinaculum and hook insertion: medial pinky innervation: ulnar nerve blood supply: ulnar action: flex pinky
psoas major
insertion: lesser trochanter femur innervation: L1 to L3 action: flex thigh at hip joint
diaphragm
innervation: phrenic nerves C3-5 three openings: T8 inferior vena cava, T10- esophagus, T12-aorta forms: median, medial, and lateral arcuate ligaments which descend to form right and left crus
obturator innervations
L2-4, adductor muscles, skin on medial side of thigh
9 region division abdominal wall
2 vertical planes (midclavicular) 2 horizontal planes (subcostal, transtubercular) right hypochondriac- liver, gallbladder epigastric- pancreas, stomach left hypochondriac- spleen, colic flexure right lumbar- cecum umbilical- small intestine left lumbar- descending colon right iliac (inguinal)- appendix, right ovary hypogastric- bladder left iliac- left ovary, sigmoid colon
iliohypogastric innervations
T12-L1, internal oblique-transverus muscles, skin above pubis and gluteal region
abductor pollicis brevis
origin: tubercle scaphoid and trapezium insertion: thumb innervation: median nerve blood supply: ? action: abduct thumb
subcostal muscles
found posteriorly near angles of ribs, span more than one intercostal space innervation: intercostal nerves
ilioinguinal innervations
L1 internal oblique-transverses muscles, skin over upper medial thigh, anterior scrotal and labial branches
opponens digiti minimi
origin: flexor retinaculum and hook insertion: palmar surface pinky innervation: ulnar blood supply: ulnar action: draw pinky anteriorly and rotate to thumb
superior thoracic aperture boundaries inferior thoracic aperture boundaries
superior: first body thoracic vertebra, first pair of ribs and costal cartilages, jugular notch of sternum inferior: 12th thoracic rib, 11th and 12th pair of ribs, costal cartilages of 7th and 10th rib, xiphisternal joint, closed by diaphragm
adductor pollicis
origin: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals insertion: medial side thumb innervation: ulnar blood supply: deep palmar arch action: adduct thumb
rectus abdominus
longitudinal midline muscle with tendinous intersections (make squares of six pack), closely packed within rectus sheath action: flexion innervation: segmental nerves
Section 4
(49 cards)