HRT2100 Test 2

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
Plantaginaceae 
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

e. family

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
Rutales
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

c. order

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:

sesquipidale

Species

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
latisiliqua
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

a. species

The formal, correct, Latin name (a.k.a. botanical, scientific, official, 
name) consists of

a. family genus species
b. genus species authority
c. order family genus species
d. family genus species authority
e. genus species

b. genus species authority

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
Habenaria
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

d. genus

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:
‘Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings’

Cultivar

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:

albescens 

Species

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:

Theobroma 

Genus

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
'Ducher'
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

b. cultivar

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
hyobanchoides
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

a. species

The formal, correct, Latin name (a.k.a. botanical, scientific, official, name) consists of

a. genus species
b. family genus species
c. genus species authority
d. family genus species authority
e. order family genus species

c. genus species authority

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:

Onagraceae 

Family

Most of the botanical and horticultural world takes a convenient shortcut 
in doing a scientific name, leaving part of it out. In that case, what would 
we most often use as the “informal” Latin name for the plant?

a. family genus species
b. genus species authority
c. order family genus species
d. family genus species authority
e. genus species

b. genus species

Most of the botanical and horticultural world takes a convenient shortcut 
in doing a scientific name, leaving part of it out. In that case, what would 
we most often use as the “informal” Latin name for the plant?

a. genus species
b. family genus species
c. genus species authority
d. family genus species authority
e. order family genus species

a. genus species

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:
Peristeria

Genus

Match the word to the taxonomic level to which it belongs:
Antirrhinum
a. species
b. cultivar
c. order
d. genus
e. family

d. genus

Match the word to the 
taxonomic level to which it belongs:

Sapindales 

Order

Used in tissue culture to cause plants to multiply rapidly:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

a. cytokinin

Kinetin is an example of this group:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

a. cytokinin

Causes plants to close their stomates and keep them closed:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

d. abscissic acid (ABA)

Used in the beer-brewing industry to increase the yield of the malt:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

d. gibberellin

Used on ‘Red Delicious’ apples to give that long neck at the base of the 
fruit:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

d. gibberellin

Promotes apical dominance (where lower buds on a stem remain 
dormant until/unless the upper part of the stem is cut off):

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

c. auxin

Sprayed on citrus trees in bloom, it promotes setting of large numbers 
of seedless fruit without pollination:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

b. gibberellin

Discovered in Japan in the 1920s, on a disease of rice. Remained unknown in the West until the 1950s:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

b. gibberellin

Naturally occurring auxin in plants is
a. 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
b. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)
c. indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)
d. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)
e. not listed

b. indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)

Causes flower parts, fruits, leaves, etc., to fall off of the plant (Abscise):

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

b. ethylene

Causes flower parts, fruits, leaves, etc., to fall off of the plant (Abscise):

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

e. ethylene

Causes plants to close their stomates and keep them closed:
a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

e. abscissic acid (ABA)

Sprayed on citrus trees in bloom, it promotes setting of large numbers 
of seedless fruit without pollination:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

d. gibberellin

Promotes apical dominance (where lower buds on a stem remain 
dormant until/unless the upper part of the stem is cut off):

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

c. auxin

Causes fruits to ripen:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

e. ethylene

Produced when a plant is under severe stress, as a survival mechanism

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

d. abscissic acid (ABA)

Used in the beer-brewing industry to increase the yield of the malt :

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

b. gibberellin

IBA and NAA are examples of this group:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

c. auxin

Kinetin is an example of this group:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

a. cytokinin

Causes fruits to ripen:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

b. ethylene

Makes grapes grow into long oval shape, rather than their natural round shape:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

b. gibberellin

Makes grapes grow into long oval shape, rather than their natural round 
shape:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

d. gibberellin

Used on commercial Christmas trees to promote fullness of the 
branches:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

a. cytokinin

Used in tissue culture to cause plants to multiply rapidly:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

a. cytokinin

IBA and NAA are examples of this group:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

c. auxin

Produced when a plant is under severe stress, as a survival mechanism:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

e. abscissic acid (ABA)

Used in root-promoting powders and liquids:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

c. auxin

Used in root-promoting powders and liquids:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

c. auxin

Discovered in Japan in the 1920s, on a disease of rice. Remained 
unknown in the West until the 1950s:

a. cytokinin
b. ethylene
c. auxin
d. gibberellin
e. abscissic acid (ABA)

d. gibberellin

Used on commercial Christmas trees to promote fullness of the branches:

a. cytokinin

b. gibberellin

c. auxin

d. abscissic acid (ABA)
e. ethylene

a. cytokinin

b. male

a. female

egg sac

antipodal cell

nucellus

egg

tube nucleus

synergid

sperm cell

polar nucleus

pollen grain

Means to store the seeds for a period of time, but without any specific 
temperature or moisture requirements:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

d. afterripening

For seeds with a "hard" seedcoat, a nursery would do this to encourage 
them to sprout and grow:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

c. scarification

The word means to damage the seed coat in some way:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

c. scarification

The word means to store cold and wet for a period of time:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

a. stratification

Dropping seeds into near-boiling water is an example of this:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

c. scarification

For seeds with immature embryos, a nursery would do this to 
encourage them to sprout and grow:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

d. afterripening

Soaking seeds in concentrated acid is a type of this:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

c. scarification

The word means to store cold, but not necessarily wet:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

e. vernalization

The word means a seed that cannot be stored -- it must be planted and 
start growing immediately:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

b. recalcitrant

For seeds with a "true dormancy," a nursery would do this:

a. stratification
b. recalcitrant
c. scarification
d. afterripening
e. vernalization

a. stratification

Nearly all other plants should be planted 
a. at exactly the same depth as it was, previously.
b. a bit higher (more shallow) than it was previously
c. substantially deeper than it was previously.

a. at exactly the same depth as it was, previously.

Roses
Indicate the exceptions to the general rule that you plant things at 
the same depth as they were planted before, by choosing from these answers:
a. can be planted much deeper than they were before
b. should be planted shallower (higher) than they were before
c. this plant was not one of our examples of exceptions; it should be 
planted at the same depth as before

c. this plant was not one of our examples of exceptions; it should be 
planted at the same depth as before

When transplanting a citrus tree, it should be planted
a. at exactly the same depth as it was, previously.
b. a bit higher (more shallow) than it was previously
c. substantially deeper than it was previously.

b. a bit higher (more shallow) than it was previously

Cabbage Palms
Indicate the exceptions to the general rule that you plant things at 
the same depth as they were planted before, by choosing from these answers:
a. can be planted much deeper than they were before
b. should be planted shallower (higher) than they were before
c. this plant was not one of our examples of exceptions; it should be 
planted at the same depth as before

a. can be planted much deeper than they were before

Cabbage palms are often planted
a. at exactly the same depth as it was, previously.
b. a bit higher (more shallow) than it was previously
c. substantially deeper than it was previously.

c. substantially deeper than it was previously.

When transplanting a tree, you often need to stake it to keep it from 
flopping over. But if you stake it too rigidly, it won’t develop reaction wood 
at the base (which gives it strength). So it’s important to leave some 
“wobble space.” How much wobble is the minimum needed, for good 
reaction wood growth?
a. +- 1°
b. +- 10°
c. +- 20°

d. +- 45°
e. no such estimate can be given

b. +- 10°

Tomato Plants
Indicate the exceptions to the general rule that you plant things at 
the same depth as they were planted before, by choosing from these answers:
a. can be planted much deeper than they were before
b. should be planted shallower (higher) than they were before
c. this plant was not one of our examples of exceptions; it should be 
planted at the same depth as before

a. can be planted much deeper than they were before

Tomato plants should be planted
a. at exactly the same depth as it was, previously.
b. a bit higher (more shallow) than it was previously
c. substantially deeper than it was previously.

c. substantially deeper than it was previously.

Citrus Trees
Indicate the exceptions to the general rule that you plant things at 
the same depth as they were planted before, by choosing from these answers:
a. can be planted much deeper than they were before
b. should be planted shallower (higher) than they were before
c. this plant was not one of our examples of exceptions; it should be 
planted at the same depth as before

b. should be planted shallower (higher) than they were before

The method of photosynthesis discovered by Hatch and Slack, working with sugarcane in Australia:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

a. C-4

Pineapple plants use this method:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. CAM

Most cactus plants use this method:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. CAM

The smallest number (<0.1%) of the world’s plant species use this 
method:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. CAM

Uses the least water, so is well-adapted to deserts:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. CAM

Discovered by a Hawaiian pediatrician who chewed on a house plant:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. CAM

Most (>95%) of the world’s plant species use this method:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

c. C-3

Discovered using algae and radioactive CO2, at Berkeley:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

c. C-3

The method of photosynthesis discovered by Calvin (I shook his hand!):

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

c. C-3

Sugarcane and corn use this method:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

a. C-4

Method in which the stomates open at night, but close during the day:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. CAM

Must have full sunlight; will not tolerate shade:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

a. C-4

Most photosynthetically efficient, converting around 18% of the light 
energy hitting the plant into carbohydrate calories:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

a. C-4

Converts CO2 from the air and H20 into carbohydrates:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

d. all of the above

Method which is most wasteful (least conservative) of water:

a. C-4
b. CAM
c. C-3
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

c. C-3

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Sodium 
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

d. micronutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Iron
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

d. micronutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Sulfur
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

c. secondary nutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Oxygen
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

a. non-nutrient essential element

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Phosphorus 
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

b. macronutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Iodine
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

d. micronutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Magnesium
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

c. secondary nutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Hydrogen
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

a. non-nutrient essential element

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Nitrogen
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

b. macronutrient

The fertilizer we often use on our roses has "18-6-12" on the label. What does the "6" mean?
a. percent potassium expressed as K2O
b. percent phosphorus expressed as P2O5
c. percent nitrogen
d. percent phosphorus (no oxygen included)
e. none of the above

b. percent phosphorus expressed as P2O5

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Carbon
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

a. non-nutrient essential element

The fertilizer we often use on our roses has "18-6-12" on the label. What does the "18" mean?
a. percent potassium expressed as K2O
b. percent phosphorus expressed as P2O5
c. percent nitrogen
d. percent phosphorus (no oxygen included)
e. none of the above

c. percent nitrogen

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Potassium
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

b. macronutrient

The fertilizer we often use on our roses has "18-6-12" on the label. What does the "12" mean?
a. percent potassium expressed as K2O
b. percent phosphorus expressed as P2O5
c. percent nitrogen
d. percent phosphorus (no oxygen included)
e. none of the above

a. percent potassium expressed as K2O

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Calcium
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

c. secondary nutrient

For each question, mark which group it belongs to: Zinc
a. non-nutrient essential element
b. macronutrient
c. secondary nutrient
d. micronutrient
e. needed by animals (including humans) but not by most plants

d. micronutrient