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AP Biology--CHAPTER 11

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Section 1

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second messengers

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Biology Science

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (21)

Section 1

(21 cards)

second messengers

Front

a small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as a calcium ion (Ca2+) or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signaling molecule bound by a signal receptor protein

Back

g protein-coupled receptor

Front

a signal receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding of a signaling molecule by activating a G protein

Back

protein kinase

Front

an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein

Back

hormonal signaling

Front

specialized endocrine cells secrete hormones into body fluids, often the blood

Back

protein phosphatases

Front

an enzyme that removes phosphate groups from (dephosphorylates) proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase

Back

ligand

Front

a signal molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one

Back

cell-cell recognition

Front

two cells in an animal may communicate by interaction between molecules protruding from their surfaces

Back

ligand-gated ion channel

Front

Back

receptor tyrosine kinases

Front

a receptor protein in the plasma membrane, the intracellular part of which can catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a tyrosine on another protein

Back

intracellular receptor

Front

Back

hormones

Front

in multicellular organisms, one of many types of secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning

Back

apoptosis

Front

a program of controlled cell suicide, which is brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of suicide proteins in the cell destined to die

Back

response

Front

Back

paracrine signaling

Front

(local) a secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator

Back

transduction

Front

Back

reception

Front

Back

cell junctions

Front

allows molecules to pass readily between adjacent cells

Back

synaptic signaling

Front

(local) a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse, stimulating the target cell

Back

signal transduction pathway

Front

a series of steps linking a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a specific cellular response

Back

phosphorylation cascade

Front

Back

adenylyl cyclase

Front

an enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to a signal

Back