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Aidan Rust P7 Unit 5 Vocab

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Section 1

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Organism

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Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (37)

Section 1

(37 cards)

Organism

Front

A living thing

Back

Cell Division

Front

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Back

Homeostasis

Front

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Back

Somatic Stem cells

Front

adult stem cells

Back

Stem Cells

Front

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

Back

Tissue

Front

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

Back

The Cell Cycle

Front

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Back

Proto-oncogenes

Front

the corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division

Back

Chromatin

Front

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Back

Benign

Front

harmless

Back

Chromosomes

Front

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

Back

Sister Chromatids

Front

Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.

Back

Anatomy

Front

The study of body structure

Back

respiratory system

Front

Brings oxygen into the body. Gets rid of carbon dioxide.

Back

Negative Feedback Loop

Front

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving

Back

Organ System

Front

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Back

Organ

Front

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body

Back

Hypothalamus

Front

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

Back

Mitotic Phase

Front

stage of the cell cycle when a cell is actively dividing

Back

positive feedback loop

Front

Causes a system to change further in the same direction.

Back

G1 phase

Front

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

Back

Cell-Based Therapies

Front

Treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or destroyed cells or tissues.

Back

Pluripotent

Front

Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types

Back

multipotent

Front

cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells

Back

Cell Differentiation

Front

the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

Back

Cell

Front

Basic unit of life

Back

circulatory system

Front

(aka cardiovascular system) This system works as the transportation highway for the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. It transports substances such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients in the body.

Back

totipotent

Front

Stem cells with the potential to differentiate into any type of cell.

Back

Mitosis

Front

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Back

Cell cycle regulators

Front

proteins that control the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and can either stimulate or inhibit cell cycle progression

Back

Cytokinesis

Front

division of the cytoplasm

Back

Carcinogen

Front

A cancer-causing substance

Back

G0 phase

Front

A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly.

Back

Physiology

Front

Study of function

Back

G2 phase

Front

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

Back

Apoptosis

Front

programmed cell death

Back

tumor suppressor genes

Front

make proteins that stop cell division and kill cells

Back