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AP Biology Evolution Vocabulary

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Section 1

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Evolution

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Biology Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (25)

Section 1

(25 cards)

Evolution

Front

Change in genotype of organism from generation to generation that allow the organism to be different than their ancestors. Descent with modification.

Back

Biological Species Concept

Front

Same definition as "Species"; members of populations that are able to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring, but are unable to with members of a different offspring

Back

Artificial Selection

Front

Unnatural selective breeding of plants and animals to gain desirable traits in an offspring

Back

Polyploidy

Front

Chromosome alteration where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes. Result of accident in cell division.

Back

Disruptive Selection

Front

When organisms on TWO ends of the phenotypic spectrum are able to survive and reproduce better than organisms with intermediate phenotype

Back

Fossil

Front

A preserved remnant or impression of an organism from many years ago

Back

Sympatric Speciation

Front

Formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

Back

Mutation

Front

Change in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA (or RNA in a virus)

Back

Evolutionary Fitness

Front

Descent where they have a specific trait that will not allow them to die out

Back

Homologous Structures

Front

Structures in organisms that are similar

Back

Species

Front

Members of the same population that are able to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring from that same population, but not with a different population

Back

Postzygotic Barrier

Front

Prevents hybrid organisms from developing into viable, fertile adults. Examples: 1. Reduced Hybrid Fertility 2. Reproductive Isolation 3. Hybrid Breakdown

Back

Allotropic Speciation

Front

Formation of a new species in populations that are geographical isolated from one another

Back

Geology

Front

Science that deals with Earth's physical structures and history

Back

Speciation

Front

Evolutionary process where a species splits into multiple species

Back

Prezygotic Barrier

Front

Factors that prevent organisms from mating in order to produce offspring or hinders fertilization. Examples: 1. Temporal Isolation 2. Mechanical Isolation 3. Habitat Isolation 4. Behavioral Isolation 5. Gametic Isolation

Back

Natural Selection

Front

Process where organisms have a certain inherited trait that allows them to survive and reproduce in an environment better than other organisms.

Back

Adaptation

Front

Characteristics passed down to an organism over generations that help it to survive and reproduce in a specific environment

Back

Directional Selection

Front

Natural selection where organisms on ONE end of the phenotypic spectrum are able to survive and reproduce better than other organisms.

Back

Population

Front

Group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and are able to produce viable and fertile offspring

Back

Homology

Front

Similarity in characteristics resulting from shared ancestry

Back

Hybrid

Front

Offspring that results from the mating of two different species

Back

Reproductive Isolation

Front

Biological factors that prevent members from two species from producing viable, fertile offspring

Back

Vestigial Organ

Front

A feature on an organism that served as a function for their ancestors

Back

Common Ancestor

Front

When species share the same ancestor from many years ago

Back