Section 1
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All cells of the body have at least on nucleus
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Last updated
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Date created
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Cards (316)
Section 1
(50 cards)
All cells of the body have at least on nucleus
False
Differences in skin color are mainly due to the number of melanocytes in the epidermis. T or F
False - Melonin
Which cell membrane junctions adheres to the cell to the basement membrane?
Tight junctions
All connective tissues are highly vascularized
False- Vasculare to highly vascular
Active Transport of molecules across cell membranes requires adensosine triposphate (ATP) for energy. T/F
True
What term best describes the position of the nose as compared to the lips
Superior
Tendons and ligaments are examples of dense regular connective tissue. T or F.
True
Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from smooth enoplasmic reticulum in that it has ____ associated with it, therefore rough endoplamic reticulum assists in the production and tempory storage of ____.
ribosomes, proteins
The skin is supplied with two arterial plexus called the papillary plexus and the cutaneous plexus
True
Vesicles exit the golgi appartus from the cis face
True
In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:
Anteriorly
A _____ section of the body or organ would reveal its right and left side
Sagittal
The serous membrane associated with the lungs is called pleura. T or F
True
During what stage mitosis is he cleavage furrow very well evident and cytokinesis finishes?
telophase
Goblet cells are specialized in columnar epithelial cells with an increased surface area that helps to increase the rate of absorption
False - increase secretion rate and store mucin
An epithelium has several layers. The top layer is composed of flattened cells, whereas basal layer is columnar cells. Choose all terms that would be used in naming this tissue. (2)
stratified epithelium, and Squamous
Phagocytosis means "cell drinking" T or F
False - "devour" "Cell"
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has one layer of cells
True
The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follows:
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system
Protein molecules form the basic framework of the plasma membrane. t/f
False - phospholipids
Which organelle in the cell contains catalse to break down H-2 O-2
peroxisome
The inability to secrete mucous and absorb digested nutrients might indicate a disorder which tissue
Simple columnar epithelium
Cytosol is an example of intracellular fluid
True
Elastic cartilage is the strongest type of cartilage
False - Fibro cartilage
Stratified squamous epithelium sometimes contains the protein keratin, which makes it hard, tough, and dry. T or F
True
This type of cell junction would be found between epithelial cells lining the stomach or urinary bladder where they prevent fluid from passing between the lining cells
Tight junctions
Dense connective tissue contains fewer cells and less ground substance than loose connective tissue
True
Development of blisters following exposure of the skin to heat is indicative of a first-degree burn
False - 1st, Redness Pain Swelling, 2nd - Blisters 3rd. - damage to nerves
extracellular fluid includes all of the following:
interstitial fluid, plasma, and lymph. Does not include cytosol.
What type of cell in areolar connective tissue is responsible for producing the fibers found in the inetercellular ground substance.
Fibroblast
Diaphragm separates the abdominal and pelvic cavities
False - No, but the Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by the diaphragm
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
ribosome
Exocrine glands secrete hormones
F - Endocrine
In passive processes, substance move across the plasma membrane. T/F
False -Down (or along) pressure gradient
A cell is identified or recognized as "self" or "non-self'by its:
glycocalyx
An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region" This means?
was stuck on the chin.
The four basic types of tissue in the body are:
Connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial
Which is mitotic spindle?
centrioles
Mast cells are the cells primarily responsible for the production of histamines.
True
The lymphatic system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues. T/F
False - Circulation System
What term means programmed cell death that is orderly and doesn't damage surrounding cells?
apoptosis
Which of the following is a type of loose connective tissue? (3)
adipose tissue, reticular tissue, areolar tissue.
Albinism is caused by a total lack of melanocytes
False - melanin pigment
Prophase:
Chromosomes line up a the equator of the cell and chromosomes supercoil and become visible in the light microscope.
The patellar region is superior to the tarsal region. T or F
True
Epithelium?
Cells junctions are plentiful and are replaced continuously by mitosis, arranged in single or multiple
Epithelial tissues can be classified into various categories according to:
Cell shape and number of layers.
Reticualr tissue forms the stroma of organs such as spleen
True
Which of the following in not a type of fiber typically found in the ground substance of connective tissue?
epithelial fibers
Which of the following is the anatomical term for the back of the knee
popliteal
Section 2
(50 cards)
Hair Transverse Section pic
inside - out. Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle of hair, internal root sheath, external root sheath
mitochondria
site of ATP production
Define "anatomy" Exact Definition
The structure of the body
What is a symptom? What is a sign?
anxiety. A sign is objective evidence of disease; it is something that can be seen or measured. A symptom is subjective evidence of disease; it is a feeling people other than the patient cannot see/feel it
The flexible connective tissue that joins the anterior extremity of a rib to the breast (sternum) is?
hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is a vascularized tissue?
adipose tissue
A colles' fracture involves the distal end of the lateral forearm bone (radius). T/F
True
The free surface of a cell is referred to as the ____ surface.
apical
Which of the following tissues is an avascular connective tissue?
Elastic Cartilage
All of the frontanelles are closed by 20 months.
False - Anterior fontanel - 24 months, Posterior Fontanel - 12, Anterolateral Fontanel - 3, and Posteriorlateral 2 months
Receptors for pressure located in the skin are:
Pacinian corpuscels
Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if a bone tissue is injured. T/F
False - whole life
Which of the following contributes to a pink coloration of the skin?
hemoglobin
peroxisomes
contains enzymes that detoxify harmful materials
Golgi apparatus
prepares cellular production for transport out of the cell
Growth of a bone in length is known as interstitial growth. T/F
True
The arm
brachial
Commonly referred to as the groin
inguinal
cytosol
transport of substance between organelles
Hair/Skin Pic
Shaft, Sebaceous glans, arrector pilli muscle, Papilla of the hair,Bulb,
What type of epidermal cell found in the epidermis senses light touch?
Merkel (Meissner's) Cells
Which stratum is not found in the epidermis of the scalp?
lucidum
Nail Doral - Pic
Free edge, nail body, lunula, eponychium, nail root
The greatest amount of keratin is found where?
stratum corneum
Back of head
occipital
The connective tissue found on the articular surface at the end of a bone is called endosteum.
False -Periosteum
Which type of exocrine glands are portions of cells containing secretions pinched off from the main cell body?
apocrine glands
An example of a synarthrosis is the knee joint. t/f
False - Synovial Joints/diarthrosis - one is fixed and the bone moves around the axis
Active Bone cells which produce matrix are known as osteocytes . T/F
False - osteoblasts
Abnormal yellow tint skin color?
Juandice
Bone matrix contains crystallized menieralized salts called hydroxyapatite.
True
Dermal papillae form at the junction between:
epidermis and hypodermis
Picture of basement membrane between epithelial tissue and a connective tissue.
Apical surface, lateral surfaces, Basal surface, Reticular Lamina/Basal Lamina, Connective Tissue.
Epidermis divide to produce all other epidermal cells. Deepest to most superficial?
Stratum Corneum, basale, lucidum (only in thick skin), spinosum, and stratum granulosum.
Sural
Calf
Rheumatiod arthritis is more common than osteoarthritis. T/F
False
nucleoli
Site of RNA synthesis
Which of the following types of epithelium is located in areas subject to wear and tear?
simple cuboidal
Picture of Nail - Saggital pic
eponychium, nail bed, nail root, nail matrix, Nail Body, hyponychium, Free edge, lunula
The long head of the triceps brachii splits the teres minor and teres major and it runs through the back of the arm and shoulder. t/f
True
How are Anatomy and physiology related
When the structure of the body (Anatomy) move it automatically effects the the function (Physiology)
Adipose Tissue:
Brown fat in-fants to regulate their temperature, CT with very little matrix, around organs and hypodermis, provides insulation and padding. (False - type of fat stored in the fat vacuole is cholestrol)
Anterior aspect of the elbow
antecubital
Basal cell carcinoma rarely ____ .
metastasizes
The hamstrings insert on the tibial tuberosity of the tibia. t/f
False -Tibia and Fibula
Define "Physiology"
The Function of the body
All three type of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in which of the following tissues?
hyaline cartilage
The triceps brachii inserts into radius. T/F
False - Ulna
Contraction of the ____ can cause goose bumps.
arrector pili muscle.
All of the following are examples of connective tissue:
osseous, cartilage, blood, dense fibrous. Not nervous.
Section 3
(50 cards)
The ability of muscle to snap back to its original form after being pulled put is referred to as:
elasticity
Tarsal bone has:
navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform
The hardness of bone is due to the mineral salts such as calcium phosphate. The tensile strength of bone is due to organic molecules such as collagen. T/F
Both statements are true.
Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle:
is the movable point of attachment of a muscle and attached a muscle to bone or skin.
In all isotonic contractions, the muscle shortens.
False - Stays the same.
Which of the following joints have the most movement?
diiarthrosis
Used to name muscles, which one is incorrectly matched?
platys-circular
Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"?
biceps femoris and semitendinosis
Which of the following is a characteristic of red muscle fibers (and gives them their color)?
high myoglobin concentration
Thin filaments in a myofibril are composed of action. t/f
True
The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ____ suture.
Coronal
Which of the following muscles elevates the hyoid?
Stylohyoid
What part of the radius articulates with the head of the ulna?
Ulnar notch
Epimysium surrounds skeletal muscle cells within fasicles. t/f
False -Endomysium - surrounds Muscle fiber cell.
Which of the following is NOT a head of the triceps brachii?
Short. Triceps have lateral, long, and medial.
The hamstrings act to flex the leg. t/f
True
The anatomical neck of the humerus is proximal to the surgical neck.
True.
What 3 parts fuse to make the acetabulum?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Ethmoid bone:
olfactory foramina, crista galli, perpendicular plate, cribiform plate and not have inferior nasal conchae
When a muscle a contracts the orgin moves toward the insertion. t/f
False - the insertion (or movable bone) moves toward the Origin
Cervical C2-C7 - Pic
Tranverse foramen, Superior aticular facet, Lamina, Vertebral foramen, Bifid Spinous process.
Which of the following is true of the distal end of the tibia?
medial malleolus a the distal end
Tendons connect to bones. t/f
False - Tendons connect to muscles and Ligaments contect bone to bone.
Thoracic Vertebrae - Pic
Lamina, facet for rib, transverse process, superior articular facet
The capitulum of the humerus is lateral to the trochlea. t/f
True
Which of the following is found on the anterior surface of the humerus?
radial fossa
The maxillae articulate with every facial bone except the mandible. T/F
True
Following completion of ossification, bone replacement occurs only if bone tissue is injured. t/f
False - Whole life
Ligaments connect muscle to bone.
False - Bone to bone
Muscles that originate at the ribs:
serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and scalenes.
Depression of the clavicle is accomplished by the contraction of the:
subclavius
Number of phalanges in one hand is?
14
Which muscle originated off the pubis, inserts into the xiphoid process and flexes the spinal column?
Rectus abdominis
If part of the name of a muscle is major it means the muscle:
is the largest group of similar muscles.
The action that moves the palm of the hand into anatomical position is:
supination
Which fracture would most likely be seen in a child?
Greenstick
Cananiculi allow nutrients to diffuse to these mature bone cells located within lacunae of the osteon.
osteocytes
A triad is an association of ____.
one T-tubule and two terminal cisterns.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that develop directly from ____.
osteoblasts
The dark region in a sarcomere is the A band. T or F
True
Scapula. Lateral to the spine, inferiro to the acromion, posterior to the coracoid process, proximal to the head fo the humerus.
gleniod cavity.
The connective tissue sheet that envelopes bone and is attached to its outer surface is called _____.
periosteum
Which of the following muscles is antagonist to the biceps brachii?
triceps brachii.
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
Triglyceride storage.
Which of the following is a muscle of the scalp with tow bellies separated by a broad, tendinous sheath?
Occipitofrontalis
Which muscle below closes the lips and puckers the lips as in kissing?
orbicularis oris
Which muscle below flattens the cheeks as in whistling?
Buccinator
The brachialis does which of the following:
Pronate the forearm
What 3 parts fuse to make up the sternum?
manubrium, xiphoid process, and body.
The arcuate line of the ilium is continuous with the pectineal line of the pubis. t/F
True.
Section 4
(50 cards)
Filiform papillae of the tongue have no taste buds. t/f
True.
Side skeletal face pic -
nasal bone, zygomatic arch, styloid proecess
The digestion of food is controlled by the parasympathetic division of the ANS. t/f
True.
Hormones released from the ant. pituitary include, growth hormone, prolactin follicle, stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. T/F
True
Parasympathetic effects are more localized and specific than sympathetic effects.
True
CSF circulates in the ventricles of the brain and in the subdural space outside the brain.
False - subarachnoid space
Sympathetic Stimulation?
dilation of pupil, bronchodilation, contaction fo arector pili muscle, and increased heart rate and not digestive secretion.
Which of the following is the correct order from largest to smallest starting with fasicle.
fasicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament
The primary flexors of the wrist include which of the following muscles?
Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.
Descending tracts carry sensory information to the brain.
False - away from the brain.
The trigeminal nerve is a motor nerve only.
False.
Anterior muscles - pic
external oblique, linea alba, rectus femoris, gracilis.
Upon sympathetic stimulation the pupils of the eyes dilate.
True.
Hearing is associated mainly with which lobe:
temporal lobe
The sense of olfaction is relayed to the cranial nerve #2, the olfactory nerve. t/f
False - #1
What passes through the tranverse foramen in a cervical vertabrae?
vertebral artery
Groups of nerve fibers that are entirely motor in function are called dorsal roots. t/f
False - Anterior Root
Foot skeletal pic?
5th proximal phalanx, 3rd cuneiform, first metatarsal
Face muscle pic?
orbicularis oculi, nasalis, depressor labii inferioris, temporalis
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are both produced by adrenal medulla. T/F
True
Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release Ach.
True
Gustatory cells are stimulate by:
chemicals in solution
Blockage of the canal of Schelemm might result in which of the following?
glaucoma
ACTH is also referred to as vasopressin.
False.adrenocorticotropic.and vasopressin is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
The main function of rods is:
vision in dim light.
Which of the following would best describe the pathway of light through the eye.
cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous humor - retina
The most abundant white blood cells are eosinophils. t/f
False - neutrophils
A person with type O blood can receive blood from type A or type B blood. t/f
False
Function of Blood:
Nutrient and waste transport, prevent of fluid loss, maintenance of constant pH levels, transport of gases. Not production of hormones.
Which one is correct about a sacomere? All
muscle fiber contains myofibrils and thick and thin filaments, sacromere extends from one z disc to another z disc.
The vagus nerve is a mixed nerve. t/f
True.
ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete cortisol for stress reactions. t/f
True.
Cones are photoreceptors that are sensitive to color.
True
The membranous labyrinth of the inner ear is filled with:
endolymph
Intercalated disk found:
cardiac muscle
Damage to the ____ nerve, could result in defects of eye movement.
abducens
Spinal cord ends at the level of T12. t/f
False - L2
Meningitis may be caused by either bacterial or Viral. t/f
True
The bulk of the diencephalon is formed by the hypothalamus
False - the thalamus, the subthalamus, the hypothalamus, and the epithalamus.[1]
The "white of the eye" is the cornea. T/F
False. Sclera
The volume of blood is an average female is 4-5 liters.
True
Which of the following structures vibrates onto the oval window?
stapes
Epinepherine is secreted by:
adrenal medulla
Pulls the corner of the mouth lateral and upward as in smiling?
zygomaticus major
The organ of for hearing is located in the semicircular canals.
Falses- Coclea
Afferent neurons transmit impulses from the periphery to the CNS. t/f
True.
Perineurium is deep to the epineurium. t/f
True.
Face Skeletal pic?
infraorbital foramen, mental protuberance, vomer
Pelvis Pic -
sacral ala, ant. sup. iliac spine, ant. sacral foramen.
Which one does not adduct the scapula?
serratus anterior
Section 5
(50 cards)
The ____ literally (gentle mother) is a delicate membrane closely attached to the brain and spinal cord.
pia mater
In the circulaiton of CSF, where would it go immediately after leaving the third ventricle.
cerebral (midbrain) aqueduct.
Which of the following control head and neck movements in response to auditory stimuli?
inferior colliculus
What part of the brain has been referred to as the "emotional viceral brain" ?
limbic system
The brain stem consists of the following from superior to inferior.
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata.
Between the pia mater and arachnoid mater is the:
subarachnoid space for the flow of CSF.
The central nervous system contains which of the following?
brain and spinal cord
Which of the following hormones produced by pineal gland plays a role in regulating body rhythms?
meletonin
Visual area -
occipital
Which of the following has sympathetic postganglionic fibers that serve both the head and the heart.
superior cervical ganglion
Nerve Pic - 1-12
Only Optimistic Octopus TenticalsTry and Feel very good vaginal accessible hymen. Ofactory, Optic, Olomotor, Troclear, Trigeminal, abdunces, facial, vebibulocochlear, glossophayangeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
Which of the following would not be a cause of conduction deafness?
damage to hair cells in organ of Corti
Eye Pic -
Choriod layer, lens, ciliary muscle, vitreous humor
Which of the following is responsible for myelination of PNS axons?
Schwann Cells
The most numerous of the neuroglia are:
astrocytes.
The dorsal root ganglion contains:
cell bodies of sensory neurons
Vertebral - Pic - Histology
Posterior Grey horn, Central Canal, Anterior median fissure, Denticulate ligament, Anterior (Ventral Root),
SLUDD -
Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestive, and not denegration.
The right lung has 2 lobes, while the left lung has 3 lobes.
False.
The anterior pituitary does not secrete:
Antidiuretic hormone. It does secrete gondatropin, growth hormone, TSH, FSH.
The apex of the heart points at the left hip. t/f
True
The average blood pH is:
7.35 -7.45
Tropic hormones:
stimulate hormone secretion by other endocrine glands.
Premotor area
Frontal
Pepsin is involved in protein digestion. T/F
True
Axon - Pic
cell body, Cell body, myelin sheath, nucleus of Schwann Cell.
The digestive system is drained by the hepatic portal system. t/f
True
Testosterone is to the male as which of the following is to the female:
estrogen.
A hormone is a chemical that:
produced by living cells, distributed by blood or lymph, regulates metabolic activities, sexual maturation. all of the above.
Lymphatic vessels, like veins, contain one-way valves.
True.
Which of the following forms the myelin sheath in the CNS?
ependymal cells
The outer layer of the heart is called the visceral pericardium. t/f
False - Fibrous pericardium
Auditory area -
temporal hemisphere
Larynx - AKA
Voice Box
Neuron Pic -
association neuron, efferent neuron, effector, recepter region, afferent neuron
Auditory region
temporal
Choroid plexus are found in:
All ventricles. laterl, third and forth.
Brocas (motor speech) area -
Frontal hemisphere
The posterior pituitary is governed by which of the following?
hypothalamus
The function of calcitonin is:
decrease levels of calcium in bone.
The trachea is supported by C shaped rings that have the open side on the anterior aspect of the trachea.
False - Opening on posterior
The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle. T/F
True
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
The epinephrine and norepinephrine secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of:
sympathetic stimulation
Somatic sensory area -
parietal hemisphere
The cranial nerve 3 is:
Oclomotor- motor for eye
The lymphatic vessel walls are thinner and have more valves than veins. t/f
True
What are the tree structural classifications of neurons?
unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons.
An elevation on the surface of the cortex is called a:
gyrus
When the ventricle contracts during systole, the SL valves are closed. t/f
False - Closed during relaxing
Section 6
(50 cards)
The falciform ligament connects the stomach to the small intestine. t/f
False -
In Adult, there are 36 teeth. T/F
False - 32
The epithelium of the urinary bladder that permits distension is:
transitional
The secretion of saliva secreted by:
chewing, odor of food, chemicals in mouth, mental pics of food.
The type of tissue that lines the stomach and intestines is:
simple columnar epithelium
Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ?
Thymus and Red Bone Marrow
The renal pyramids are located in the cortex of each kidney.
False - Medulla
The acidic contents entering the small intestine are buffered by:
HCO3 in pancreatic juice
The trachea extends down to level T-8 before ti become the R & L B primary bronchi. t/f
False - T5
The afferent arteriole takes blood to the renal corpuscle. t/f
True
The primary functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. t/f
True
Surgically cutting the frenulum would affect
tongue
How is blood prevented from backing up into the left atrium from the left ventricle?
closing of mitral valve, bicuspid
The urethra of females is shorter than the of males.
True.
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
nephron
An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect flow of blood into the
efferent arteriole
Reabsorption occurs in Kidney in
loop of henle
Electro PQRS -
P-Q-R-S- T
The fluid-filled central cavity of a mature ovarian follicle is the :
antrum
The kidneys are considered to be retroperitoneal organs. t/f
True
What keep food from entering the trachea?
epiglottis
Bile is produced primarily in the gallbladder. t/f
False - Liver
During Q,S,T -
Venctricles are repolarizing atria are depolarizing.
In the glomerular capsule, one afferent arteriole, divides into a capillary network.
glomerulus
The region of the stomach that connects to the small intestine is the:
pylorus
Failure of one or both testes to descend is known as:
cryptochordism
The gallbladder
strores and concentrates bile
Ovarian follicles are located in the medulla of the ovary. t/f
False
When the A-V valves close, they make the sound
lubb
The crown of t he tooth is the portion below the gum line. t/f
False
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US men.
True
Which of the following is the Correct conduction pathway of the heart?
SA node - atria - AV node - bundle of his - right and left bundle branches - Purkinje fibers - ventricles
The nephrons of each kidney are located entirely within the medulla. t/f
False
As the food in the stomach is repeatedly squieexed and mixed with gastic juice, it is converted into semifluid consistency called:
chyme
The trigone is a region of the:
urinary bladder
The bulbourethral gland produce an acidic solution that aids in maintaining the life of the sperm.
False
Sequence of Bowmans Capsule, PCT
loop of henle, DCT, collecting duct
The cessation of stoppage of breathing is called:
apnea
A mature follicle is known as the secondary oocyte. t/f
False
Micturition refers to:
emptying the bladder
Sequence of Lungs to Aveoli
bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
Juxtaglomerular apparatus is located where the DCT contracts the
afferent atreriole
Fertilization normally occurs near the infundibulum of the fallopian tube. t/f
False - Ampulla
Each spermatid contain 23 chromosome. t/f
True
Interstitial Cells in the testes produce testosterone. t/f
True
The appendix is attached at the bottom of the descending colon.
False - Cecum
Capillaries receive blood directly from
arterioles
Which of the following is the correct of the small intestine as food pass through.
duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
Gastrin is secreted to the
Stomach
Hearts natural pace maker?
SA Node
Section 7
(16 cards)