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TPR_test_1_missed_MCAT

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Section 1

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The half-life of caffeine in the human body is 4 hours. If a student ingests a caffeine pill, and 24 hours later his bcc (blood caffeine content) is measured at 5 mg, what must have been the caffeine content of the pill?

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (32)

Section 1

(32 cards)

The half-life of caffeine in the human body is 4 hours. If a student ingests a caffeine pill, and 24 hours later his bcc (blood caffeine content) is measured at 5 mg, what must have been the caffeine content of the pill?

Front

A time period of 24 hours represents 24 / 4 = 6 half-lives, which implies that the caffeine level has dropped by a factor of 26 = 64. The caffeine content of the pill must therefore have been 64(5 mg) = 320 mg.

Back

Charge stored per unit voltage is the definition of? and give two equations related to the Charge stored per unit voltage.

Front

definition of capacitance C= Q/V C= kϵA / d (A=area, k=dielectric constant, d=distance between parallel plates, ϵ= constant for permittivity of free space)

Back

Acetone and water form hydrogen bonds in solution to create a large negative heat of solution. The vapor pressure of the solution will be (higher or lower) than the vapor pressure of pure acetone if (VP of H2O=48 torr, and VP of acetone =290 torr)

Front

The vapor pressure will be lower than the vapor pressure of pure acetone. This is a deviation of roult's law. because pure acetone forms stronger bonds (h=bonds) with water therefore it is more stable less volatile and therefore a lower vapor pressure.

Back

which would experience the most refraction blue or red light when applied to the surface of a converging lens.

Front

blue light is refracted more due to its shorter wavelength

Back

There are four properties that depend on the concentration of a nonvolatile solute (aka colligative properties.)

Front

(1) vapor pressure (2) boiling point (3) melting point (4) osmotic pressure

Back

The HCO3- / Cl - exchange is an example of: (a) exocytosis (b) active transport (c) diffusion (d) facilitated diffusion

Front

bicarbonate and chloride ions are moving down a gradient, making this a case of facilitated transport (D is correct)

Back

high levels of aldosterone will ( increase or decrease ) the secretion of renin from the juxtaglomerular cells

Front

decrease. High levels of aldosterone will increase Na+ and water reabsorption, blood volume, and arterial pressure, reducing renin secretion.

Back

A large dose of aldosterone is administered intravenously. The effect of this on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is to:

Front

decrease renin secretion by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Because BP will increase due to aldosterone- therefore renin is no longer required to increase blood pressure (D is correct).

Back

What are Auxins ?

Front

Auxins are plant hormones not found in humans

Back

the voltage across the membrane is -70 mV from the exterior to the interior of the cell. Is the potential difference (1. higher or lower) on the outside of the cell (2.) would the electric field lines run (a) from outside to inside the cell or (b) from inside to outside of the cell

Front

the potential is higher on the outside of the cell than the inside, and electric field lines run from the outside to the inside. ->there is a 70 mV drop in electric potential in going from the exterior to the interior; the potential is higher on the exterior of the cell. Since the potential is higher on the exterior than in the interior, the electric field lines must point from the outside to the

Back

True or false Recombination can occur between linked genes

Front

True, it just happens less frequently.

Back

The characteristic that distinguishes the phase diagram for water from the phase diagram for virtually all other substances is....??

Front

that the solid-liquid boundary line in the phase diagram for water has a negative, rather than a positive slope.

Back

what makes a solution ideal?

Front

the more similarity the two things in solution have. ie propanol and ethanol

Back

wavelength of red light is

Front

700nm

Back

A laser beam strikes a mirror at an angle of 60° to the surface, what would be the angle of reflection if the refractive index is 3/2?

Front

60° because! If the laser beam strikes the mirror at an angle of 60°, the angle that the beam makes with the normal to the mirror is 30°. This is the angle of incidence, and, by the Law of Reflection, it is also the angle of reflection. The refractive index of the mirror is irrelevant.

Back

equation of for angular velocity

Front

= v/r

Back

If the absolute pressure of a gas is increased from 3 atm to 4 atm at constant volume, then the absolute temperature of the gas will increase by _____% ?

Front

33% b/c PV=nRT (R, and n are constants, V is held constant) so the equation becomes P=T so if p changes from 4 to 3. Temperature which is proportional to P must also change by 4/3. (4/3 x 100%= 133%) 133-100= 33% increase.

Back

The diaphragm plays an important role in respiration. During inspiration, the diaphragm...?

Front

contracts, causing alveolar pressure to drop below atmospheric pressure.

Back

A female heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia marries a normal homozygous male. What is the probability that their first son is a normal homozygote?

Front

The disease is autosomal, so whether the child is male or female is irrelevant to the sickling trait. Their child has a 50% chance of getting a normal allele from the mother (p=1/2). AND a 100% chance of getting a normal allele from the father (p=1).. (and multiply probabilities). 1(.5)=.5 probability

Back

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is rare disease, the associated mutation occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 births. What is the approximate percentage of parents who are heterozygous for the abnormal enzyme gene?

Front

Remember the equation for genotype frequency: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1. If the disease is caused by a recessive allele (q), and if 1 out of 10,000 births is affected, then q2 = 1/10,000, so q = 1/100 = 0.01. Since q = 0.01, we have p = 0.99, because p + q = 1. The number of heterozygotes is then 2pq = 2(0.99)(0.01) ≈ 2(1)(0.01) = 0.02 = 2%.

Back

During spermatogenesis, spermatids: A. are frozen in meiosis II until after fertilization. B. have already undergone meiotic recombination. C. have four copies of the genome per cell. D. have no nucleus.

Front

B is true A is wrong spermatids are immature sperm but they have completed meiosis (only a primary oocyte is frozen in meiosis I) Recombination occurs in both oogenesis and spermatogenesis during meiotic prophase I, which the spermatid already completed (B is true)

Back

The expected unlinked phenotype ratio from a cross between two double heterozygotes is?

Front

9:3:3:1

Back

The refractive index of a transparent medium (increases or decreases) with increasing frequency of the transmitted light.

Front

The refractive index of a transparent medium increases with increasing frequency of the transmitted light

Back

cycles/second are the units for (period or frequency)

Front

frequency! 1/s

Back

In which organ are sickled red blood cells most likely to be hemolyzed?

Front

spleen! One of the key functions of the spleen is to remove old or deformed red blood cells from circulation. The capillaries of the spleen are much smaller than the diameter of a red blood cell, helping to induce lysis of fragile or old cells. If the spleen is removed, more damaged cells remain in circulation.

Back

Cartilage does not withstand tensil stress as well as bone. Will the young's modulus be smaller or larger for cartilage? and how would a graph of stress vs strain for cartilage be different from a graph of stress vs strain for bone.

Front

smaller than the youngs modulus for bone-- Since stress = E × strain, a lower value of E corresponds to a lower stress for the same strain, so the graph of stress vs. strain in the elastic region would be less steep

Back

Aldosterone's mechanism of action on its target cell is most similar to that of which of the following hormones? A) Testosterone (B) Insulin (C) ACTH (D) Glucagon

Front

A. Testosterone because it is also a steroid hormone. and all steroid hormones follow the same path: diffusion thru the PM--> bind to receptor in cytosol --> receptor transports the steroid hormone into the nucleus--> and the steroid acts at the transcription level. thus the typical effect of a steroid hormone is to increase certain membrane or cellular proteins within the effector

Back

a capacitor is in parallel with a resistor if the voltage source was inhibited what would happen to the potential difference across the resistor and capacitor

Front

decreased potential difference across the resistor and the capacitor

Back

f the vapor pressure of a solution is higher than predicted by Raoult's law, then the temperature of the solvents when put into solution will: 1.(increase or deacrease) due to the 2. energy (absorbed or released) from the 3. (making or breaking) of bonds.

Front

decrease due to the energy absorbed by the breaking of bonds. -> Ptotal is higher than predicted by Raoult's Law we know that ΔHsoln > 0. Since the mixture is an endothermic reaction, the result will be a decrease in the temperature of the solution. & remember that bond formation is an endothermic process.

Back

describe the differences between eukaryotic condensation of DNA to prokaryotic

Front

eukaryotes wind DNA around histones via topoisomerases. prokaryotes use DNA gyrase to supercoil their DNA

Back

A drug is discovered that reduces smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting the muscle's response to acetylcholine. This is likely to: (a) reduce the transcription of Na+/K+ ATPase. (b) reduce the hypertensive effect of angiotensin II. (c) increase the strength of cardiac muscle contractions. (d) decrease renal blood flow.

Front

B. In the absence of acetylcholine signaling, the overall tone of smooth muscle in artery walls will be reduced, reducing blood pressure (B is correct)

Back

Wavelengths of visible color spectra from longest to shortest

Front

R>O>Y>G>B>I>V

Back