1954-The Supreme Court issues its ruling in Brown v. Board of Education
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Governor James Byrnes avoids desegregation by pouring money into black schools.
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Strom Thurmond
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Democratic governor of South Carolina who headed the State's Rights Party (Dixiecrats); he ran for president in 1948 against Truman and his mild civil rights proposals and eventually joined the Republican Party.
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Essie Mae Washington-Williams
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Strom Thurmond's and Carrie Butler's daughter.
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Carrie Butler
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The Thurmond family's African-American maid-she was 16 and Strom was 22 when they had Essie Mae. He supported the child, but did not claim that the child was his. After his death, Essie Mae came forward that Strom was in fact her biological father.
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The Black Power Movement
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Not about giving black people the power "over" whites; it was about making black people feel like they had any power at all.
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Hospital Workers Protest-spring of 1969
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450 women employed by the Medical College of South Carolina and the Charleston County Hospitals' held a strike that lasted three and a half months. They were protesting low wages and racism in the workplaces.
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Briggs v. Elliot
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Court case over the equality of Clarendon County Schools. Led to the Brown v Board decision
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Ruby Bridges
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The first African-American child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South (New Orleans)
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Jim Crow Laws
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Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights
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Strom Thurmond and the Dixiecrats
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SC governor; southerners did not like Truman's proposed civil rights bill and they went and formed a "Dixiecrat" party and ran Thurmond for president.
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SNCC
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(Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)-a group established in 1960 to promote and use non-violent means to protest racial discrimination; they were the ones primarily responsible for creating the sit-in movement