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AP Physics 2: Heat & Thermodynamics

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Section 1

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Heat (Q)

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (19)

Section 1

(19 cards)

Heat (Q)

Front

The transfer of thermal energy between objects because of a temperature difference. Spontaneously flows from hot to cold. Positive when added to the system. Negative when removed from the system.

Back

Conduction

Front

Heat transfer within a material from particle to particle. Transfer takes place when higher energy particles collide with lower energy particles.

Back

Thermodynamics

Front

Using heat transfer to produce mechanical work.

Back

Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases

Front

Microscopic characteristics explain macroscopic quantities. Based on 5 Assumptions.

Back

Work (W)

Front

Useful energy output from a system. Positive when done ON the system. Negative when done BY the system.

Back

First Law of Thermodynamics

Front

Heat added to a system can either raise the internal energy of the system, or be used by the system to produce mechanical work. Restatement of Conservation of Energy.

Back

Isothermal Process

Front

No change in temperature (or internal energy).

Back

Internal Energy (U)

Front

The sum of all of the mechanical energy of the particles in a system. For gases, the majority of the internal energy is translational kinetic energy (related to temperature). Change is positive when temperature increases. Change is negative when temperature decreases.

Back

System

Front

Defined collection of gas particles.

Back

Convection

Front

Heat transfer through mass motion of fluid particles. Is the result of uneven heating and gravity.

Back

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Front

In any irreversible process, the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase (or remain the same.) Heat transfers from hot to cold

Back

Isochoric (Isovolumetric) Process

Front

No change in volume. No work done.

Back

Thermal Equilibrium

Front

Heat transfer stops because objects reach the same mutual temperature.

Back

Adiabatic Process

Front

No heat exchange between system and environment.

Back

Isobaric Process

Front

No change in pressure.

Back

Radiation

Front

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves (infrared). Does not require a physical medium. Fastest form of heat transfer.

Back

Entropy

Front

Measure of disorder or randomness. Never naturally decreases.

Back

Temperature (T)

Front

Measure of the average translational kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Tells how hot or cold something is. SI Unit: Kelvin

Back

Environment

Front

Any particles not defined as being part of the system.

Back