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AP Biology: Cell Membrane

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Section 1

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Sodium-Potassium Pump

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Biology Science

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Last updated

6 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (34)

Section 1

(34 cards)

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Front

a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

Back

Concentration Gradient

Front

a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space

Back

Solute Potential

Front

=-iCRT i = ionization constant (NaCl = 2, glucose = 1) C = concentration (M) R = constant (0.0831 mol-liters/bar K) T = temperature (K) more solute = lower overall potential

Back

Osmosis

Front

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Back

Transport Proteins

Front

proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes

Back

Hypotonic

Front

the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst

Back

Passive Transport

Front

movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

Back

osmotic pressure

Front

The force required to resist the movement of water by osmosis. Osmotic pressure is a measure of the concentration of a solution. A solution that is highly concentrated has a strong tendency to draw water into itself, so the pressure required to resist that movement would be high. Thus, highly concentrated solutions are said to have high osmotic pressures.

Back

Aquaporins

Front

Channel proteins that help massive amount of water pass through the membrane; a lot in our kidneys

Back

cholesterol

Front

steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. A large amount of this in a phospholipid bilayer at High Temperatures reduces membrane fluidity, but at Lower Temperature prevents the membrane from solidifying.

Back

phospholipid bilayer

Front

a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes

Back

Selective permeability

Front

allows some things to come through and some not

Back

Endocytosis

Front

the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle

Back

Diffusion

Front

the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, so that they spread out evenly reaching equilibrium

Back

Amphipathic molecule

Front

A molecule that has both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region.

Back

Turgid

Front

Very firm (healthy state), especially for plant cells

Back

Fluid mosaic model

Front

The currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.

Back

Hypertonic

Front

the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up

Back

Facilitated Diffusion

Front

passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins

Back

Osmoregulation

Front

The control of water balance

Back

Plasmolysis

Front

As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall

Back

Glycoproteins

Front

proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them

Back

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front

Taking in large amount of specific substances by binding to receptors, which form vesicles and are then taken in by the cell

Back

Active Transport

Front

transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy

Back

Integral Proteins

Front

Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer.

Back

Isotonic

Front

a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change

Back

Peripheral Proteins

Front

A protein loosely attached to the surface of a membrane

Back

Phagocytosis

Front

a type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages)

Back

Pressure Potential

Front

measurement of pressure, in an open container usually = 0

Back

Selective Permeability

Front

Allows some substances to cross more easily than others

Back

Turgid

Front

swollen as from a fluid; bloated

Back

Exocytosis

Front

process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles

Back

Pinocytosis

Front

cellular drinking

Back

Water Potential

Front

movement of water from where there is high potential to low potential; based upon solute and pressure components

Back