provide financial support to private and public institutions for biomedical research, research on quality, cost, and access
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Managed care
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mechanism for providing health care services where a single organization takes on the management of financing, insurance, delivery, payment
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osteopathic medicine
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practiced by DOs, emphasizes the musculoskeletal system, such as correction of joint tissues
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medical tourism
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receiving healthcare abroad
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Technicians and assistants
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receive less than two years of post secondary education and are trained to perform procedures, require supervision from therapists or technologists, ensure that care plan evaluation occurs as part of treatment
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RBRVS- resource based relative value
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medicare developed the program to reimburse physicians according to a value assigned to each service. Based on time, skill, intensity
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Holistic& preventative care
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Needs to be adopted to significantly improve health of Americans
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medical model
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emphasizes illness rather than wellness
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DRG diagnosis related groups
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for acute hospital inpatients
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veterans administration
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the largest federal hospital system with 150 hospitals
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pharmacist
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the preparation and dispensing of prescriptions, drug product education, experts on specific drugs, drug interaction, and genetic drug substitution
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RUG Resource utilization groups
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a case mix method to reimburse skilled nursing facilites
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technologists and therpists
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evaluate patients, diagnose problems, and develop treatment plans/ skill development in teaching procedural skills to technicians
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HDHP
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combined with a health reimbursement arrangement
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VISN-veterans integrated service networks
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coordinates its own services and receives federal funds/ The hallmark of US healthcare industry
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Required for holistic care
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Individual responsibility and community partnerships
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Access is restricted to those who
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-Have health insurance through employer
-are covered under a government program
-can afford to buy insurance out of pocket
-are abel to pay for services privately
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OASIS
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used to rate a patients functional status and clinical severity
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comprehensive
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addresses health problems at any stage of a patients life cycle
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HEDIS data
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incorporate a number of different measures on cost and quality amounts off the regular fees often range between 25-35%
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public
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government ownership (federal,state, local) 25% of us hospitals, only state/local hospitals are open to general public
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use of tax exempt payments
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qualified medical expensees
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general hospitals
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provide a variety and broad set of services for various conditions, general and specialized medical, obstetrics, diagnostics, treatment, surgery, most hospitals in the US
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chronic
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less severe, but long continuous. Can be controlled but can lead to serious complications
ex: asthma, diabetes, hypertension
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adult health day care
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complements informal care provided at home at a center during the day
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acute
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relatively severe, episodic and ofte treatable ex:myocardial,infarct,lack of kidney function
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MCOs
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garnered enormous buyhing power by enrolling a large segment of the insured population and taking responsibility to procedure cost effective health care for enrollees
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Telemedicine
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integration of the telecommunication systems into distant care giving
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Subacute
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postacute treatment after discharge
ex: head trauma, ventilator
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Primary care
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prevention, diagnostic, theraputic services, health education,counseling, and minor surgery, an approach to providing healthcare, not a specific services
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Managed care
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has become the primary vehicle for insurance and delivery, consolidation of purchasing power
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discounted fees
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a modified form of fee for service
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Ambulatory care
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care rendered to patients who come to the physicians office, clinics, outpatient surgery
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community
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a nonfederal short stay hospital whose services are available to the general public,
85%
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Home health resources group
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a fixed pre determined rate for each 60 day episode of care regardless of service given
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medicare
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65 years or older,disabled people who are entitled to SS benefits,those with end stage renal disease
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copayment
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money paid out of pocket each time health services are recieved
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MCOS
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accredited by the national committee for quality assurance
NCQA
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When do benefits end?
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when the beneficiary has not been in a hospital or a skilled nursing facility for 60 consecutive days
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tertiary care
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most complex level of care for conditions that are uncommon, usually institution based, highly specialized, technology driven, rendered in large teaching hospitals, maybe long term care Ex: trauma, burn treatment, NICU, transplants, open heart surgery
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capitiaiton
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the provider is paid a fixed monthly sum per enrollee often called per member per month PMPM
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FDA
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agency of the US Department of health and human services, ensures that drugs and medical devices are safe and effective for their intended use
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Holistic medicine
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treast the whole person/ incorporates alternative therapies
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medical center
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a hospital that has achieved specialization and offers a wide scope of services, engage in teaching and research
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American medical association
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helped galvanize the profession and protect the interest of physicians
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osteopathic
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community general hospitals, holistic approach to treatment, in addition to traditional allopathic appproach
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deductibles
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amount the insured pay first before benefits are paid by the plan, paid annually
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MDs
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trained in allopathic medicine which views treatment as active intervention to produce a counteracting reaction in an attempt to neutralize the effects of disease
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coordinated
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combines health services to best meet the patients needs
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When do benefit periods begin?
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the day the beneficiary is hospitalized
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Section 2
(37 cards)
Independent Practice Association (IPA)
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has been the most successful in terms of enrollment, establishes contracts with solo and group practices, functions as an intermediary representing many physicians
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Respite care
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temporary services to help address family caregivers feeling of stress and burden-virtually any kind of service-adult day care, home healthcare, temporary institutionalization
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Rising health care expenditures have been attributed to:
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third party payment
imperfect market
growth of technology
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Personal care facilites
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non-medical custodial care, basic assistance in a protected environment-ADLs assisance
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national health interview survery NHIS -Medical expenditure panel survey MEPS
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leading data sources used to monitor access trends
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Redistribution
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takes money or power from one group and gives it to another
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ACA
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major reform to achieve universal coverage
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how do providers make up for lost revenue?
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increasing utilization or charging higher prices
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Integrated delivery system
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integration of several organizations under the same ownership, provides an array of health care services to a large community
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concurrent utilization review
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Appropriateness is determined during the course of health care utilization. The most common example is monitoring the length of inpatient stays.
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Who forces healthcare organizations to be cost efficient?
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PROs
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skilled nursing care
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medically oriented care provided by a licensed nurse
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integration
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allowed large health organizations to win sizable insurance plans
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Medicaid
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main source of financing for nursing home care
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Skilled nursing facility
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provide full range of clinical long term care services
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snf certification
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medicare
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Cost savings
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have been achieved while quality is maintained
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control costs
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universal access cannot be realized without supply side rationing to________.
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globalization
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international threats have emerged due to
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Accountable care organizations
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Designed to help increase cooperation between providers across various health care settings to improve Medicare patient outcomes-the greatest challenges to healthcare delivery
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subacute care
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blend of intensive medical, nursing, and other services that are technically complex and provided in an LTC setting-cheaper hospital alternative
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vulnerability
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the liklihood of experiencing poor health or illness- represents the interaction of effects of multiple factors over which many do not have control
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retirement facility
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emphasis on privacy, security, independence, active lifestyles, nursing care is not provided
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organized programs
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socializing, physical fitness, recreation, shopping and entertainment, some offer hotel services-one meal a day and periodic housekeeping
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What are the 3 jobs of MCOs
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Expert evaluation of what services are medically necessary.
Determination of how services can be provided most inexpensively (e.g., outpatient vs inpatient).
Review the course of medical treatment (e.g., when a patient is in the hospital).
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AMA, AARP AHA
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health care interest groups
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prospective utilization review
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the medical necessity for certain treatments is determined before the care is delivered-prevent unnecessary treatments
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PPOs
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make discounted fee arrangements with providers
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medicare
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pays for eligible benefficiaries under part A but the coverage is only for short duration
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respite care
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provides temporary relief to informal caregivers
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NF certification
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medicaid
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retrospective utilization review
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-managing utilization after services have already been delivered
-based on an examination of medical records to assess the appropriateness of care
-overutilization or underutilization are examined
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How do most americans recieve care?
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Managed care
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hospice
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end of life care
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medical model
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emphasizes medical intervention
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utilization review
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process of evaluating the appropriateness of services provided
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allocative tools
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Involves the direct provision of income, services, or goods to a group of individuals or organizations