Section 1
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Cards (208)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Difference
the answer to a subtraction problem
Numerator
the top number in a fraction
Cross Products
The product of the numbers which are diagonal from one another in a proportion equation. Should be equal on both sides.
Unknown OR Variable
a symbol, usually a letter, that represents a solution to an equation
Sum
the answer to an addition problem
Coordinates / ordered pair
a pair of numbers in the form (x,y) that identify the distance of a point from the origin or center on the coordinate plane. The first number tells the distance to the left or right of the vertical axis, and the second number tells the distance above or below the horizontal axis
Unit rate
describes how many units of the first type of quantity corresponds to one unit of the second type of quantity. Some common unit rates are miles (or kilometers) per hour, cost per item, earnings per week, etc.
Mode
The mode of a set of numbers is the one that occurs most often. So, in the set {1,5,7,5,9}, the mode is 5 because there are 2 fives and only one of each of the others.
Probability
the chance of an event happening, usually expressed as the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number of outcomes
Proportion
a statement that two ratios (or fractions) are equal
Permutation
relates to the act of rearranging, or permuting, all the members of a set into some sequence or order (unlike combinations, which are selections of some members of the set where order is disregarded)
Proper fraction
a fraction in which the numerator is less than the denominator
consecutive numbers
numbers in counting order
Digit
one of the ten number symbols. The digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
Exponent
a number that tells the power to which a base is raised. For example, in 3^2, the base is 3 and the exponent is 2.
Function
a special relationship where each input has a single output. It is often written as "f(x)" where x is the input value
Scientific notation
a number written as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10
Mean
the sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers in a set (AKA average)
Common denominator
for a set of fractions, a number into which each denominator can divide evenly
Data
a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things
Quadratic equation
an equation in which at least one variable is raised to the second power
Distributive property of multiplication
when multiplying a number by a sum or a difference, you may first multiply each number in the sum or difference, or you can find the sum or difference and then multiple. For any numbers a, b, and c, a(b+c) = ab+bc and a(b-c) = ab-ac.
Ratio
comparison between two numbers. Separated by a colon (:), the word "to", or may be written in fraction form.
Cube
a number multiplied by itself three times (2^3, or 2 x 2 x 2 = 8)
Histogram
a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data
Formula
a mathematical rule that tells the relationship between quantities
Inequality
a statement that two amount are not equal. For example, < (less than) or > (greater than)
Evaluate
to find the value of a numerical or algebraic expression; to solve an equation
Least common multiple
the smallest positive number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. Example: the Least Common Multiple of 3 and 5 is 15, because 15 is a multiple of 3 and also a multiple of 5. Other common multiples include 30 and 45, etc, but they are not the smallest (least).
Graph
a diagram that shows a relationship among numbers
Fraction
a part of a whole
Improper fraction
a fraction in which the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator
Scientific notation
a number written as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10
Cube root
the opposite of the cube of a number; a square root, but to the 3rd power, rather than the 2nd. (the cube root of 8 is 2, because 2 x 2 x 2 = 8)
Coordinate plane
a flat surface divided by a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis
Product
the answer to a multiplication problem
Estimate
as a noun: an approximate value. as a verb: to find an approximate value.
Factor
as a noun: a number that divides evenly into another number as a verb: to write a number or an algebraic expression as a product of two or more terms
Mixed number
a number with both a whole number and a fraction
Linear equation
an equation whose graph is a straight line
Denominator
the bottom number in a fraction
Commutative property
for addition and multiplication, numbers can be added or multiplied in any order. The sum or product will be the same. For any numbers a and b, a+b+=b+a and ab=ba
Box plot
a way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their quartiles
Median
a number in the middle of a set of numbers, or the mean of the two middle numbers in a set
Square root
one of two equal factors of a number
Dot plot
a graphical display of data using dots
Equation
a statement that two amounts are equal
Function
a special relationship where each input has a single output. It is often written as "f(x)" where x is the input value
Greatest common factor
the greatest factor that divides two numbers
Permutation
relates to the act of rearranging, or permuting, all the members of a set into some sequence or order (unlike combinations, which are selections of some members of the set where order is disregarded)
Section 2
(50 cards)
Parallelogram
a four-sided figure with two pairs of parallel lines
Negative number
a number less than zero
Square
a four-sided figure with four right angles, four equal sides, and two pairs of parallel sides
Coefficient
a number or symbol multiplied with a variable or an unknown quantity in an algebraic term
Parallel lines
lines that run in the same direction and do not cross
Surface area
the total area of the surface of a three-dimensional object
Cylinder
a 3-dimensional figure that has both a circular base and a circular top, and whose height is the perpendicular distance from the top to the bottom
Rectangular Prism
a 3-dimensional figure in which each face is a rectangle
Similar figures
geometric figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size
Line
a straight path of points that continues in two opposite directions
Sphere
a 3-dimensional figure each point of which is an equal distance from the center
Even number
a whole number that is evenly divisible by 2
Rhombus
a four-sided figure with four equal sides
Circle
a plane figure, each point of which is the same distance from the center
Rectangle
a four-sided figure with four right angles and with two pairs of parallel sides
Circumference
the distance around a circle
Line segment
a straight path of points with definite length, having two endpoints.
Area
a measure of the amount of surface on a closed plane figure
Pi
the Greek letter that represents the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. The approximate value of pi is 3.14 or 22/7
Decimal
a fraction in which the whole is divided into tenths, hundredths, thousandths, ten-thousandths, and so on
Diameter
the distance across and through the center of a circle
Radius
the distance from the center of a circle to its circumference
Hypotenuse
in a right triangle, the side opposite (across from) the right angle
Polygon
a closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments that meet only at their end points
Legs
the two shorter sides in a right triangle
Quadrilateral
a closed figure with four sides
Perimeter
the distance around a closed plane figure
Consecutive
one following the other, for example, 19 and 20 are consecutive numbers
Associative property
for addition and multiplication, three numbers that can be grouped in any order. The sum or product will be the same. For any number a, b, and c, (a+b)+c = a+(b+c) and (ab)c = a(bc)
Triangle
a closed plane figure with three sides and three angles
Square pyramid
a 3-dimensional figure whose base is a square and each of whose four triangular faces meet a a common point called the vertex
Pythagorean Theorem
for a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The formula is a^2 + b^2 = c^2, where a and b are the legs of a right triangle and c is the hypotenuse
Parabola
the curve formed by the graph of a quadratic equation
Perpendicular lines
lines that intersect at a right angle
Slope
the measure of the "steepness" of a line on the coordinate plane. The slope is defined as the change in y values divided by the change in x values.
Average (mean)
the sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of numbers in a set
Volume
the amount of space inside a 3-dimensional figure, usually measured in cubic units
Right angle
an angle that measures exactly 90 degrees
Cone
a 3-dimensional figure whose base is a circle and whose height is the perpendicular distance from the base to the vertex
Odd number
a whole number that is not evenly divisible by 2
Distributive property of division
a mathematical rule stating that the quotient of the sum (or difference) of two numbers is equal to the sum or difference) of the quotients of each number divided individually
Number line
a line used to represent positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero
Absolute value
the distance from a number to zero on the number line
Plane
a flat surface
Trapezoid
a four-sided figure with one pair of parallel sides
Vertex
the point where two sides of a closed figure or two sides of an angle meet
Congruent figures
geometric figures with exactly the same shape and same size
Prism
a solid object with two identical ends and flat sides
Integer
positive and negative whole numbers and zero
Right triangle
a triangle with one right angle
Section 3
(50 cards)
height
the measure of the vertical distance of a plance (2D) shapre or solid (3D) figure from the base to the opposite side or face or vertex; an imaginary line segment perpendicular to the base
comparing
determining which numbers is greater; arranging numbers in order; using equality and inequality symbols
Whole number
a number that is evenly divisible by 1
bar graph
visual presentation of categorical data from different sources as the height or length of bars against the same scale
intervals
equal segments on a number line
equation
a mathematical statement that says two expressions are equal
equivalent expressions
two or more expressions that are equal for any value of the variables in the expression
independent variable
the input of a function; the variable whose value determines the value of an output-dependent variable
elimination method
rewriting a linear system by adding equations to get a new equation in one variable
circle graph
visual presentation of data showing parts of a whole (the circle) using percents, decimals or fractions
Prime number
a number that is evenly divisible only by itself and 1
divide/division
numerical operation used to split a quantity unto equal parts; find a quotient
Rational number
a number that can be written as a ratio. That means it can be written as a fraction, in which both the numerator (the number on top) and the denominator (the number on the bottom) are whole numbers. The number 8 is a rational number because it can be written as the fraction 8/1
horizontal axis
scale that runs along the bottom or left to right on a graph or coordinate grid
indirect measurement
a method used to find measures when there is no actual way to perform the measurement
diagonal
a line segment drawn between the vertices of two non-adjacent sides of a figure that has four or more straight lines
Quotient
the answer to a division problem
combine like terms
simplify an expression by adding or subtracting like terms
inverse
an operation that reverses the effect of another operation
angle
a pair of rays extending from a common point
face
a polygon that is part of a 3D figure
interest
a fee charged for using someone else's money; usually expressed as a rate- a percent of the amount being used over a unit of time
factoring an expression
finding the algebraic terms or expressions (called factors) that, when multiplied, will result in a certain product
base
the whole amount in the percent problem; in geometry, the side (face) on which the figure sits
axis
horizontal and vertical scales on a graph or coordinate plane
irregular figure
a figure made of several common shapes
chart
visual organization and presentation of data in rows or columns
canceling
the process of reducing to multiply and divide fractions; dividing out common factors from the numerator and the denominator of a fraction before multiplying or dividing
Positive number
a number greater than zero
dividend
the number being divided by the divisor
common factor
a number that is a factor of two or more factors
cubic units
units in the shape of a cube with the length of each side equal to the linear unit used to measure the volume of a three dimensional figure
cluster
data that are grouped closely together
add/addition
numerical operation used to combine quantities; find a total (sum)
discriminant
the value underneath the radical sign in the quadratic formula
combination
a group of objects from a set in which the order of the objects does not matter
divisor
the number dividing the dividend; the number of parts
constant of proportionality
the constant value of the ration of two quantities in a proportional relationship
dependent
in probability, an event whose outcome (occurring later) is affected by the outcome of an earlier event
dependent variable
the output of a function, the variable whose value depends on the value of the input
conversion factor
equivalency to change from one unit of measurement to another
Place value
the number that a digit stands for. For example, in 35.6, the digit 3 stands for 30 because 3 is in the tens place. The digit 6 stands for 6/10 because 6 is in the tenths place.
FOIL Method
a system for multiplying algebraic factors with more than one term; stands for First-Outer-Inner-Last
equivalent fractions
fractions that have the same value
Power
a product of identical factors. For example, 3^2, or "3 to the second power" means 3x3. The base is 3 and the exponent is 2.
algebraic expression
a mathematical expression that contains one or more variables; a group of number, variables and operations signs
customary (U.S.) system of measurement
measurement system commonly used in the United States; some examples of standards units are feet, miles, inches, pounds & ounces
independent
in probability, an event whose outcome is not affected by the outcome of an earlier event
experimental probability
chance of a specific outcome determined by performing a number of trials; the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes obtained to total number of trials
Rounding
making an estimate that is close to an original amount
Section 4
(50 cards)
operation
something done to one or more numbers to produce an answer
subtract/subtraction
numerical operation used to take away a quantity from another quantity; find a difference
simple interest
a fee charged for borrowing money (or earned for investing money) for a particular period of time; = principal x rate x time
solve
find the number that makes a statement, algebraic expression or equation true
lowest (or least) common denominator
the smallest number that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions
metric system of measurement
measurement system used throughout most of the world that is based on the powers of 10
scatter plot
visual presentation of data plotted on a coordinate plane
isolate the variable
perform operations to get the variable alone on one side of the equation
multiply/multiplication
numerical operation used to combine the same quantity many times; find a product
multiple
the result of multiplying a given number by the counting numbers (0,1,2,3 and so on)
regroup
moving an amount from one place-value column to another
polynomial
an expression consisting of variables and coefficients that involved only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and non negative integer exponents
unlike fractions
fractions with difference denominators
solution of a system
an ordered pair that satisfies all equations of a system
like fractions
fractions that have the same denominator
rate
the percent relationship of the part to the base in a percent problem
order of operations
a sequence agreed upon by mathematicians, for performing mathematical operations: 1. Operations in grouping symbols 2. Exponents & Roots 3. Multiplication & Division from left to right 4. Addition & Subtraction from left to right
quadratic expression
an expression containing a variable raised to the second power and no variable raised to a greater power
origin
the point at which the x-axis and y-axis in a coordinate graph intersect
line graph
visual presentation of data as a line on a grid, often showing change over time
term
a number or a number and one or more variables or a variable raised to a power
repeating decimal
a decimal number that continues infinitely, repeating a pattern of digits
partial product
when multiplying numbers with more than one digit, the result of multiplying the number on top by one of the digits in the bottom number
random
selected by chance, with no outcome more likely than any other
scale drawing
a diagram of an object with all distances in proportion to corresponding distances on the actual object; a drawing of the same shape but a different size than the actual
quadrant
one-fourth of a coordinate grid, formed by the intersecting axes
lower quartile
median of the lower half of data in data set
signed numbers
positive & negative numbers
right prism
a prism in which each lateral face meets the congruent bases at right angles
proportional relationship
a relationship between two quantities in which the ratio (or rate) of one quantity to other quantity is constant
like terms
algebraic terms that contain exactly the same variables and exponents
right triangle
a triangle in which one angle is a right angle
slope-intercept form of a line
an equation of a line that takes the following form y=mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y intercept
square unit
unit used to measure the area of a 2D figure
lateral surface area
in a 3D figure that has bases, lateral area is the sum of the areas of the non base surfaces
range
in a list of data, the spread between the lowest number and the highest number
simplest fractional form
the form of a fraction in which the only integer that divides the numerator and denominator without remainder is 1 or -1
remainder
the amount left over in a division problem
rational expression
an algebraic expression that has at least one term that is a quotient of polynomial expressions
point
a single, exact location often represented by a dot
principal
an amount of money borrowed or invested
substitution method
solving one equation in a system for one variable and then substituting the resulting expression for that variable in order to get an equation in one variable
percent
a way to show a part of a whole by setting the whole equal to 100; a number per hundred followed by a percent sign
outlier
values of a set of data that fall outside the pattern or grouping of most of the data
system of linear equations
two or more linear equations with the same variables
part
a portion of the whole or base in a percent problem
scale
the units on the axis of a graph; the equivalency (ratio) of drawn measurements to the corresponding actual measurements
unit price
the cost of one item
simplifying an expression
performing all the operations you can within an algebraic expression
key
the part of the graph that indicates how to interpret symbols or colors
Section 5
(8 cards)