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Section 1

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valence electrons

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Chemistry Science

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Mar 1, 2020

Cards (28)

Section 1

(28 cards)

valence electrons

Front

electrons found in the outermost "shell" orbiting the nucleus of an atom

Back

three main types of chemical bonds

Front

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

Back

adhesion

Front

clinging of water molecules to other substances

Back

chemical bonds

Front

attractions that hold atoms together

Back

capillary action

Front

transport of water and dissolved nutrients against gravity, usually in plants

Back

acid (definition and pH)

Front

substance that increases [H+] of a solution; pH 0 - 6.99

Back

pH

Front

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

Back

bonds that share electrons

Front

covalent

Back

atoms with a complete valence shell...

Front

will not react with any other atom

Back

base (definition and pH)

Front

substance that reduces [H+] of a solution; increases [OH-] of a solution; pH 7.01 - 14

Back

buffer

Front

substance that minimizes changes in [H+] and [OH-]; resists changes in pH

Back

NaCl (sodium chloride) is connected by which type of bond?

Front

ionic

Back

hydrophobic

Front

water-fearing; any substance that repels water; nonpolar substances

Back

hydrophilic

Front

water-loving; any substance that has an affinity for water; polar substances

Back

Universal solvent

Front

it can dissolve most polar and ionic substances

Back

surface tension

Front

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Back

Elements necessary for life

Front

oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H), phosphorus (P), sulfur (s)

Back

isotopes

Front

atoms that have a different number of neutrons than normal

Back

Water property responsible for ice insulating frozen ponds and lakes rather than killing everything in it?

Front

unique density

Back

what emergent property of water is responsible for water regulating regional and global climate?

Front

high specific heat/high heat of vaporization/evaporative cooling

Back

weak attractions that result from polar covalent or ionic molecules being attracted to other polar covalent or ionic molecules.

Front

hydrogen

Back

mass number

Front

number of protons plus number of neutrons

Back

solvent

Front

dissolving agent in a solution; usually water

Back

atomic number

Front

number of protons in an element

Back

solute

Front

substance being dissolved

Back

cohesion

Front

bonding of water molecules sticking to neighboring water molecules through hydrogen bonds

Back

polar covalent bonds have...

Front

unbalanced partial charges

Back

water and DNA contain these special types of bonds in addition to covalent bonds

Front

hydrogen

Back