Section 1
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What differentiates high-end and low-end computers?
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Section 1
(50 cards)
What differentiates high-end and low-end computers?
Speed of disk controller, size and speed of the hard disk, amount and speed of memory, size of data pathways, or speed and number of CPUs.
Where was BASIC developed? (Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
In the mid-1960s at Dartmouth College
What are they key tasks of the OS Kernel?
1. Scheduling computer processes. 2. Managing resources, such as memory and processing time.
Does every PC have BIOS?
Yes, it is stored in a flash memory chip.
Blade Servers
Card looking server that fits into a blade enclosure. Used by medium and large organizations.
Late 60's and Early 70's
1. The beginning of the Internet. 2. Creation of I/O devices (display terminals and magnetic disks) 3. More OSs such as OS/8 and UNIX
What is a real time operating system?
An OS that receives and processes inputs and produces the required outputs in a specified amount of time.
What is contained within a device driver?
The actual code to communicate with the chips on the device.
Where is BIOS stored?
It is stored in a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory chip
Does each I/O device get its own device driver?
Yes, a separate device driver is usually present for each I/O device.
What elements enable an OS to work with a computer?
1. The Kernel 2. Resource managers 3. Device drivers 4. Application software 5. BIOS
What is application software?
Any program a user might choose to run on a computer.
Who and when wrote a compiler for BASIC?
Bill Gates wrote it in 1975.
User Interface
Provides a method for users to interact with the computer
Processes and Services
1. Process is a program that is loaded into memory and run by the CPU 2. Services is a type of process that runs in the background
Describe early OS
Rudimentary, often unable to do more than read punch cards or tape. Write output to machines resembling typewriters.
What is a time sharing system?
It is a central computer system that is used by multiple users and applications simultaneously.
Blade Enclosure
A large box with slots for blade servers.
Computers were initially used as?
They were used as automated calculators for mathematical and statistical problems.
File System
The method by which an OS stores, organizes, and manages access to files on a storage device, such as a hard drive.
What did Apple develop in 1984?
A GUI and mouse pointing device. This allowed users to interact with the OS on a graphical screen.
Who was the first company to produce a desktop computer?
Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems (MITS)
What is batch processing?
data are collected over a period of time and periodically processed.
Two types of OS are?
1. Desktop Operating System 2. Server Operating System
Traditional Server
Often used by small or medium businesses.
What does a device driver do?
It translates computer code to display text on a screen. (or translates movements of a mouse into action)
What did Microsoft release in 1985?
It released Windows, which had its own GUI and many features as Mac OS.
Does the Kernel manage use of the computer's RAM?
Yes
What are examples of I/O tasks?
1. Handle input from keyboard, mouse, and other input devices. 2. Handle output to the monitor and printer. 3. Manage network communications. 4. Control I/O for devices such as network interface cards. 5. Control information storage and retrieval using various types of disks. 6. Enable multimedia for voice and video.
Does the Kernel handle basic computer security?
Yes
Rack-Mounted Server
CPU boxes mounted in racks that can hold multiple servers, each with its own power cord and network connection and that often share one monitor and pointing device.
What is the name of the Kernel file in Windows?
ntoskrnl.exe
What is BIOS?
A low level program code that: 1. Resides on a chip on the computer's motherboard. 2. Initiates/enables communications with hardware devices. 3. Performs tests at startup called power-on self test 4. Conducts basic hardware and software communications inside the computer. 5. Starts a full-fledged OS that interfaces with the user.
What is the name of the Kernel file in Mac OS X?
XNU
What are time sharing systems used for?
Able to perform massive calculations or manipulate huge amounts of data.
What were early OS systems written for?
Large, refrigerator-sized machines and were quite complex.
Does flash memory lose its contents when the computer is turned off?
No.
What is the interaction between OS and applications?
The OS manages the communication between the applications, the user, and the computer.
What are the three basic tasks all computers perform?
1. Input 2. Processing 3. Ouput
What is Sequential Processing?
Process used by smaller computers where each process request is completed, and the data returned before the next process is started.
What is the role of resource managers?
These specialized programs help ensure memory is used properly and there are no memory conflicts. It does this by managing how programs access the processing capabilities of the CPU.
What is a compiler?
Software that turns computer code written by people into code that is understood by computers.
What are some of the jobs performed by the Kernel?
1. Managing interactions with the CPU. 2. Starting, managing, and scheduling programs that handle I/O activities, including device and networking activities. 3. Manages priority levels assigned to programs and computer processes.
Who adopted MS-DOS for its PC?
IBM.
When was the first practical design for computers invented?
Late 1950's
Describe computers of the late 60's and early 70's
Crude by todays standards, but still quite capable.
Modern OS need to support what?
Multitasking, High-speed network applications, and more powerful I/O capabilities.
Explain MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
Developed by Microsoft, the first widely distributed OS for microcomputers that had to be loaded from disk or tape.
How are OSs organized?
By size, type, and purpose of the computer on which they run.
Kernel
The heart of the OS. Consists of the essential program code of the OS.
Section 2
(16 cards)