measurement representing slope of roof
equals number of inches of rise per foot of horizontal distance
The larger the rise, the steeper the roof
Back
Mullions
Front
Vertical bars separating glass panes in a window
Back
Frieze Board
Front
Decorative board at the top of the exterior wall directly under soffit
Protects against elements penetrating the joint between exterior wall and roof.
Back
Foundation Walls
Front
Rests on top of Footings and provide the surface on which the floor is built.
Typically 8-12" thick, concrete, brick or masonry block
Back
Traditional
Front
Style of homes: Think Colonial, Tudor, Victorian, French Provencial
Back
Flashing
Front
Sheet metal that wraps around any protrusion through a roof or wall (chimney, vent)
Protects building from water seepage around opening
Back
Transitional Style
Front
Style of home which blends traditional exteriors and contemporary elements inside.
Back
Flooring
Front
Carpet, tile, hardwood placed on top of subfloor
Back
Wood Frame
Front
Most popular & widely used method of construction in NC
Offers flexibility in design
Low cost, easy to insulate, takes minimal time to build.
Back
Sill
Front
Lowest horizontal wooden point
Rests on top of foundation walls forming a base for the floor joists
Back
Contemporary
Front
Style of Home which uses open floor plans, skylights, windows, multilevel roof lines
Back
Split Level
Front
Takes advantage of uneven terrain w/ minimal grading
Back
Studs
Front
Vertical members of wall frame
Finished wall coverings are attached to this.
Insulation placed between studs
Usually 2x4 spaced 16-24" apart
Back
Ranch / One Story
Front
All one level/floor
Easy Accessibility/maintenance
Most expensive to build (roof and foundation spread across entire footprint)
Back
Sash
Front
Holds the glass in a window
Back
One & one half story
Front
Functions like a 2 story, but upper level is underside of roof line - no attic space above.
Back
HVAC System
Front
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
Central forced warm air is most popular/most efficient system
Others include: hot water, heat pumps, wood stoves which are powered by oil, gas, electric or solar
Back
Jambs
Front
Sides of window/door frames
Back
HUD Minimum Standards
Front
Construction & design standards which apply to all homes financed with FHA or VA loans
These standards may be stricter than local building codes
Stricter Codes prevail
Back
Ridge board
Front
Highest element of the roof
May include ridge vent for cooling
Back
Elements of Roofs
Front
Wood Sheathing
Shingles
Tar paper/weatherproofing
Eave
Ridgeboard
Back
Sole Plate
Front
connects walls to sub floor
lowest point of wall frame
Back
Ceiling Joists
Front
These are attached to the top plate of the wall and carry the weight of the roof.
Back
Window Header
Front
Top of window frame
Back
Foundation
Front
Types include: Concrete slab, crawl space, basement, stacked stone (Not used in NC)
Back
Exterior Wall Coverings
Front
First Layer - Sheathing which covers all exterior walls and roof, usually made of plywood or fiber board
Wind and Moisture Barrier
Final Layer - Siding (wood, brick, vinyl, stucco, etc)
Back
Headers
Front
2 pieces of lumber joined to form a beam
used to give extra support to wall frame where doors and windows are placed
Spreads weight evenly around openings
Back
Roof Styles
Front
Styles include gable, flat, hip, saltbox, gable w/dormers, shed, mansard, gambrell
Gable style of this is most typical in NC
Back
Floor Joists
Front
Horizontal Supports attached to the sill and tied into the girders
Run parallel to each other, spaced 16- 24" apart
Support walls and floor
Back
Soffit
Front
Underside of eave
Usually has openings to ventilate attic space
Back
Girder
Front
Heavy wooden or steel beam that runs across the top of the piers & supports the floor joists
Back
Two Story
Front
Most economical (double space for 1/2 roof & foundation)
Back
Fascia Board
Front
Flat board attached to the end of the eave
Gutters are usually attached to these.
Back
R-Value
Front
Measures resistance to heat flow of insulation
The higher the value, the more heat resisitant
NC required values: Walls = 13, Ceilings = 38, Floors = 19
Back
Footings
Front
Concrete support forms the base for the foundation
Footprint of the house
Placed beneath soil line
The bottom of each must be below frost line
Lowest part of construction
Distributes the weight of structure evenly
Back
Doors
Front
These, when used in interiors, are often hollow core; when exterior, these are insulated and weatherproofed.
Types include: Flush, panel, sliding glass & French
Back
Subfloor
Front
Unfinished plywood or particle board placed on top of floor joists and girders
Finished flooring is attached to this
Back
General Contractor License
Front
Required for any individual, partnership or corporation which contracts to construct a building for others when such construction costs exceed $30k.
Must be licensed in NC
Back
Piers
Front
These may be required to support flooring between foundation walls when a crawlspace/basement is used.
Supports floor joists across the open span between foundation walls
Back
Muntins
Front
Horizontal bars separating glass panes in a window
Back
Building Codes
Front
Set minimum standards of construction and design enforced statewide.
Unpermitted construction cannot be advertised w/out full disclosure
Strictest rules prevail
Back
Window Frame
Front
Holds the sash of a window
Back
Septic System
Front
Small sewer treatment system used when connection to major sewer system is not available.
Waste discharged into the tank then converted into gas and liquid
Excess liquid discharged into leach field
Requires soil suitability test (Perc Test) to ensure proper leaching will take place.
Soil Suitibility permit required by local health dept in NC
Permit determines occupancy requirements
Property cannot be advertised as having more bedrooms than permit allows (misrepresentation)
Back
Certificate Of Occupancy
Front
Must be issued before any building can be occupied.
Back
Types of windows
Front
Sliding, Swinging, Double Hung, & fixed.
Back
Eave
Front
Overhang on a sloping roof that extends beyond the walls of the house
Elements include: Soffit, Fascia Board, & Gutters, Frieze Board
Back
Window Sill
Front
bottom of window frame
Back
Rafters
Front
Sloping members of a roof frame
Connect ceiling joists and ridgeboards
Support decking & other roofing materials