Section 1
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what is key regulator of water excretion high _, _ reabsorption of water, _ excretion of water
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (80)
Section 1
(50 cards)
what is key regulator of water excretion high _, _ reabsorption of water, _ excretion of water
adh adh, high, low
outer medulla concentration is mostly what inner?
salt salt/urea
how does regulation of na excretion occur in response to changes in bp what system is a key regulator
arterial baroreceptors renin,angiotensin,aldosterone
what 4 organs are involved in the raa system what secretes what
kidney- renin lungs- ace (convert a1->a2) liver- angiotensinogen adrenal cortex - aldosterone
how does increase in nacl load increase body weight
causes increase in adh, and water retention
what regulates adh release and via what receptors
increased osmolality- osmoreceptors arterial baroreceptor input - volume receptors
in the descending limb of vasa recta what is being secreted and reabsorbed ascending
solutes, water water, solutes
what is the normal plasma concentration of glucose
100 mg/dl
when ecf osmolality is high what needs to be retained
water
what does adh do does it change solute excretion
increase permeability of water and promotes reabsorption of it no
what is role of vasa rect
1- countercurrent exchanger 2- supply o2 and nutrients to medullary cells
is most of water icf or ecf
icf
reabsorption of water requires what in the apical membranes are they needed in basolateral membranes which membrane is regulated by adh
aquaporins yes apical
what is ecf composed of
interstitial fluid plasma
the clearance of what exogenous substance estimates gfr endogenous which is most accurate
inulin creatinine inulin
what contributes to hypertonic interstitial fluid in medulla what minimizes loss of solute from medullary isf
reabsorption of na w/o h2o coupling and urea recycling vasa recta capillaries
at what level/amount does glucosuria happen
threshold/200
signals are sent to what aspect of the brain in order to stimulate vasopressin /adh
hypothalamus
what do arterial . baroreceptor input sense
how full large veins and atria are
what structure is important for na regulation what structures have an impact on it
juxtaglomerular apparatus afferent arterioles ,. macula densa, juxtaglomerular cells, sympathetic nerve fiber
is na synthesized or degraded by the body
no
what does ecf volume contribute to
blood presure
in terms of the raa system, what substance regulates in the proximal tubule collecting duct
angiotensin 2 aldosterone
what is the normal gfr
180 L/day
what is the affect of adh on kidney arterioles do these happen from physiologic or non physiologic processes
h2o reabsorption, physiologic vascoconstriction , non phys
at the end of the pct, does plasma osmolality inc or decrease? descending loop ascending loop distal tubule
same increases decreases decreases more
decreased bp/volume, (increases/decreases) adh, (reabsorbs/excretes) water, (increase/decreases) volume/bp
increase reabsorbs increase
if plasma creatinine concentration increases, what does that tell u about gfr
decreases
decreases bp , (inc/dec) renin increased symp (inc,dec) renin low gfr, (inc,dec) renin
increases increases increases
where does glucose reabsorption occur
proximal tubule ONLY
thirst mechanism is important for what
replacing volume
what 3 things cause increased adh does this conserve or replace volume
high plasma osmolality low volume low map conserve
what notmal condition alters the medullar gradient
with high water intake
what induces more urea absorption where does it accumulate
high adh inner medulla
what is the normal plasma concentration in pct
300
what are the apical transporters of glucose basolateral? which is an active transporter/passive?
sglt2- active glut 2 -passive
more nephrons are located where whats the main function of nephrons in cortex? medulla?
cortex reabsorption/secretion establishing hypertonic interstitial fluid
movement of na at the apical membrane is _ and happens via what transporters
active na/h, na/glu , na/aa, na/phosphate or na channel (diffusion)
patients with diabetes insipidus has what amount of adh secretion how does this effect volume of urine
none increases
what occurs at the glomerulus in the bowmans space together these 2 structures are called
filtration renal corpuscle
at what level does adh affect kidneys why arterioles(vascular smooth muscle)? why
all levels, high affinity receptor high levels, low affinity receptor
what cells in the juxtaglomerular app sense pressure
juxtaglomerular cells
what substance helps estimate the renal plasma flow because it is extensively secreted and completed excreted
PAH para-aminohippuric acid
what is the major ecf solute does changes in sodium levels cause changes in ecf volume
na yes because water follows changes in salt
what substance does the juxtoglomerular apparatus control
renin
is na or h2o secreted
no
which aquaporin is always present
aq3/4
what solute is the one mostly reabsorbed in the proximal tubule what is coupled to this like?
na movement of other solutes amino acids, glucose, pi, lactate
what is the clearance of glucose why
0 , should all be reabsorbed
what is the primary way to regulate osmolality what is altered to regulate volume
excretion of h2o salt and h2o
Section 2
(30 cards)