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memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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Section 1

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species coexistence

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Competition Prep

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Last updated

7 years ago

Date created

Mar 14, 2020

Cards (20)

Section 1

(20 cards)

species coexistence

Front

neither species fully excludes the other from resources, so both live side by side barnacles

Back

Evolutionary effects of interspecific competition

Front

Selection for increased competitive ability • Character displacement: Selection for differences in resource use (niche differentiation), leading to reduced competition (evolution of fundamental niche)

Back

RCI (relative competitive intensity)

Front

IN PLANTS the difference in growth with and without competition divided by growth without competition

Back

competitive exclusion principle

Front

Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time. Gause's experiment with 2 pieces of paramecium

Back

exploitation competition

Front

performance is negatively affected through use of a shared resource in limited supply

Back

interference competition

Front

performance is negatively affected by behavior of competitor that reduces ability to use shared resources

Back

CHARACter displacement

Front

evolution of divergence (increased difference) in a trait between two species due to selection for reduced competition between them.

Back

Sympatry

Front

Condition in which two or more populations live in the same geographic area, or close enough to permit interbreeding.

Back

interspecific competition

Front

competition between members of different species.Interspecific competition reduces population growth, individual performance.

Back

Niche partitioning

Front

different use of resources over space and time

Back

Resource partitioning

Front

using resources differently while living in the same habitat

Back

Intraspecific competition

Front

limits population growth and reduces individual performance. for species that grow indeterminately in size.

Back

self-thinning

Front

as a population and individuals develop and compete for limiting resources, individuals get larger, and eventually population density (# individuals/area) declines

Back

gallium spp fundamental vs realized niches

Front

fuandamental niches: same realized niches: g saxitale acidic/ g sylvestre basic competition reduces fundamental niches to realized niches

Back

reasons for coexistnce

Front

1.weak interspecific 2.competition tradeoffs between competitive ability and stress tolerance 3. best competitor depends on the environment 4. Populations aren't in equilibrium. Kept well below carrying capacity (not enough time for competitive exclusion)

Back

Ecological effects of interspecific competition

Front

•Reductionsinsurvivalandreproduction,populationsize • Competitive exclusion, reduction of fundamental to realized niche

Back

resource

Front

any substance or factor that is both consumed by an organism and supports increased population growth rates as its availability in the environment increases

Back

allopatry

Front

populations that live in different areas ex beak depth (droughts) ex sticklebacks and gill rakers

Back

competition

Front

an interaction between organisms that negatively affects performance or any use of defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource to other individuals

Back

Differentiation of realized niches leads to coexistence

Front

Differentiation may arise because of current competition (ecological effect) • Differentiation may arise because of past competition • Competition acted as a selective force, selecting traits that cause differences between species in the way that they utilize resources, causing niche differentiation (evolutionary effect) • Differences may arise independently of competition (no past or current competition)

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