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memorize.ai (lvl 286)

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allopatric speciation

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (19)

Section 1

(19 cards)

allopatric speciation

Front

species are more similar when they evolve in the different areas

Back

niche shift

Front

adaptive shift in one or more niche dimensions

Back

Which of the following indicates interspecific competition between Asian shore crabs and green crabs? - Where one species is common the other is uncommon - Both species often occur in the same location - Removing one species has no effect on the other's population - None of the above

Front

where one is common, the other is uncommon

Back

competitive exclusion

Front

when two or more cooccurring species share a niche, the best competitor drives other competitor's to extinction

Back

intraspecific

Front

competition within a species

Back

If these barnacle species compete for space, how would Chthalamus distribution change if Balanus were removed from the lower intertidal? - It would not change because Chthalamus prefers the high intertidal zone - Chthalamus would become more common in the low intertidal zone

Front

Chthalamus would become more common in the low intertidal zone

Back

Two outcomes of competition

Front

coexistence and competitive exclusion

Back

interspecific

Front

competition between species

Back

Yodas Law

Front

Density decreases as biomass increases (big things take up space)

Back

According to Yoda's self-thinning rule, how do you expect old forests to differ from young forests of equal size? - Old forests with large trees will have more trees - Young forests with smaller trees will have fewer tress - Old forests with smaller trees will have fewer trees - Young forests with smaller trees will have more trees

Front

Young forests with smaller trees will have more trees

Back

SHORT ANSWER: how/why does speciation occur

Front

Speciation only occurs when there is an advantageous new trait that allows it to become a new species, in sexually reproducing species (reduced gene flow in sexual species, increased gene flow/genetic material in bacteria) 1. separate populations allows for independent evolvement (isolation) 2. sexual selection causes the divergence of new traits (can lead to polyploidy/mutations) 3. reproductive isolation (hybridization, two species that mate and can form a hybrid that is either selected against and die or not sterile)

Back

Coexistence

Front

two competing species are found in the same area at the same time

Back

competition

Front

interaction between individuals negatively influencing the fitness of both density dependent and only occurs when resources are limited

Back

sympatric speciation

Front

species are less similar when they evolve in the same areas - ex: beak sizes differ for birds on the same island

Back

interference competition

Front

individuals engage in aggressive acts occurs when resources are clumped

Back

Exploitative (scramble/resource) competition

Front

individuals compete by monopolizing access to resources occurs when resources are spread out

Back

Conditions favoring coexistence:

Front

1. environmental variation changes (mosquitofish and salinity) 2. niche shift (leads to coexistence - minks, otters, polecats) 3. niche partitioning (dividing up the niche leads to coexistence- bromeliads, mosquito larvae)

Back

How do you determine if species compete (interspecific competition)

Front

1. negatively correlated distributions (where one species is common, the other species is rare) 2. character displacement (sympatric and allopatric speciation) 3. remove a competitively dominant species (competitive exclusion)

Back

Invasive ants spray crabs with formic acid and chase them away from food sources. Which type of competition is this? - Interference (contest) - Exploitative (scramble or resource) - Intraspecific - Interspecific - a & d - b & c

Front

a & d

Back