Section 1
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What array structure is included in C# but not in C, C++, or Java?
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Cards (66)
Section 1
(50 cards)
What array structure is included in C# but not in C, C++, or Java?
Jagged arrays
What are the different mechanisms in C that show that it was influenced by ALGOL 68?
How does COBOL allow variable names to be truly connotative?
What was the simplest data type in Plankalkül?
The single bit
Under what environmental constraints was Fortran developed?
Computers had small memories and were slow and relatively unreliable, the primary use of computers was for scientific computations, there were no existing efficient and effective ways to program computers, and because of the high cost of computers compared to the cost of programmers, speed of the generated object code was the primary goal of the first Fortran compilers.
On what programming language was COBOL based?
FLOW-MATIC
What innovation of data structuring was introduced in ALGOL 68 but is often credited to Pascal?
User defined data structures
What do the Ada and COBOL languages have in common?
Both are high level languages, both support object oriented programming, future versions of these languages support the program written in these language, both are not good for beginners, and both are frequently used for the applications but not user friendly.
Which language was used for teaching programming in the 1970s?
In what ways do Scheme and metalanguage (ML) differ from each other?
ML does not use the parenthesized functional syntax that originated with lambda expressions.
What additional feature did the release 3.0 of C++ provide?
What are threads in Java?
What are the concurrent program units of Ada called?
Tasks
What were the objectives behind developing Basic?
It must be easy for nonscience students to learn and use, It must be "pleasant and friendly.", It must provide fast turnaround for homework, It must allow free and private access, and It must consider user time more important than computer time.
Speedcoding was invented to overcome two significant shortcomings of the computer hardware of the early 1950s. What were they?
The computer hardware of that age never supported floating point operations and they did not allow some sort of indexing to use arrays easily.
Why is Alan Cooper known as "the father of Visual Basic"?
In what version of ALGOL did the concept of data type appear?
ALGOL 58
What features of SIMULA 67 are now important parts of some object-oriented languages?
the concept of a class and data abstraction
What is the primary application area for which Ada was designed?
The Department of Defense (DoD)
What was the primary deficiency of ALGOL 60?
Orthogonality
How were data types specified for variables in Fortran I?
Variables whose names began with I, J, K, L, M, and N were implicitly integer type, and all others were implicitly floating-point.
How does the typing system of PHP and JavaScript differ from that of Java?
Java is a strongly typed language while JavaScript and PHP are dynamically typed.
What is a procedural language?
What change did ALGOL provide regarding input and output statements?
Where was Fortran developed? By whom?
Fortran was developed by John Backus at IBM
What was the most significant feature added to Fortran II to get Fortran IV?
explicit type declarations for variables
What is the meaning of Plankalkül? Who developed Plankalkül?
Plankalkul means program calculus. German scientist Konrad Zuse developed it.
What is the primary application for Objective-C?
Mac OS X and iOS
What syntactic changes did Fortran 90 include?
the required fixed format of code, which required the use of specific character positions for specific parts of statements, was dropped and only the first letter of keywords and identifiers would be uppercase
What are the goals of the new language developed by GAMM and ACM?
It can smoothly interoperate with any other .NET language, it supports both functional programming and procedural programming, and it also fully supports object-oriented programming.
From what language does Objective-C borrow its syntax for method calls?
Smalltalk
Why was the technique used by Short Code called automatic programming?
What operators in C were modeled on similar operators in ALGOL 68?
The assignment operator,
Why did Ada 95 lose its popularity?
Which version of Fortran was the first to have local scopes?
Fortran 2008
What characteristic of Java is most evident in JavaScript?
Format of syntax
What are the features of F# that make it unique?
Where was Lisp developed? By whom?
At MIT by John McCarthy
In what year was IBM 704 introduced?
1954
What are the two fundamental characteristics shared by APL and SNOBOL?
dynamic typing and dynamic storage allocation
In what year did the Basic design process begin?
1959
What were the most important modifications made to ALGOL 58?
Theconceptofblockstructurewasintroduced, Twodifferentmeansofpassingparameterstosubprogramswereallowed, Procedureswereallowedtoberecursive, and Stack-dynamicarrayswereallowed
Why is C both liked and disliked?
What facilities did PL/I provide?
How did Plankalkül implement iterations?
What organization was most responsible for the early success of COBOL (in terms of extent of use)?
the Department of Defense (DoD)
Why was Fortran list processing language (FLPL) designed and implemented as an extension to Fortran?
What is the meaning of operator overloading in C++?
Which version of Fortran was the first to support object-oriented programming?
Fortran 2003
What are the two kinds of statements that populate a Prolog database?
Facts and Rules
Section 2
(16 cards)