Section 1
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what is extrinsic regulation?
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (57)
Section 1
(50 cards)
what is extrinsic regulation?
nervous and endocrine systems adjust the activities of many different systems negative and positive feedback loops
what does bilateral symmetry mean?
There are two equal sides to an animal and can only be divided by one plane left and right side are mirror images
explain the basal and apical surfaces
apical has projections such as microvilli and cilia, and basal edge is what holds to the basal lamina
nervous system functions
directs immediate responses to stimuli coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
The Lymphatic System major organs
spleen thymus lymphatic vessels lymph nodes tonsils
skeletal system functions
provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals forms blood cells
muscular system functions
Provides movement Provides protection and support for other tissues Generates heat that maintains body temperature
what is autoregulation? (intrinsic)
adjusts automatically in response to environmental change (cells and tissues)
endocrine system functions
directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body controls many structural and functional changes during development
integumentary system function
protect against environmetal hazards helps regulate body temperature provides sensory information
female reproduction major organs
ovaries uterine tubes uterus vagina labia clitoris mammary glands
squamous epithelia
layers located in areas that are under repeated stress
How do you describe the classes of epithelia?
based on shape and amount of layers if squamous then the name is based on the top layer of cells
What are the six levels of organization?
1. Chemical 2. Cells 3. Tissue 4. Organs 5. Systems 6. organism
What are the functions of epithelial tissue
secretion excretion protective barrier absorption of nutrients (intestines) sensory controls permeability (selective filter)
Regional Anatomy
individual region approach focusing on the head only of the foot
hemidesmosomes junction
Negative feedback loop
A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving corrective tries to bring the change back to normal ie: pancreas function and glucose levels
The nervous system major organs
brain spinal cord peripheral nerves sense organs
The Respiratory System Major Organs
Nasal cavities sinuses larynx trachea bronchi lungs alveoli
Systematic anatomy
individual system approach the skin, or lymphatic system
What is anatomy?
the study of structure and form how we look
what is microscopic anatomy?
cells (cytology) ad tissues (histology) need a microscope (cant see with the naked eye)
Gap junction
Male repro function
produces male sex cells (sperm)and hormones
skeletal system major organs
bones cartilages associated ligaments bone marrow
what is macroscopic anatomy?
large body--> the organs can see with the unaided eye
The respiratory system functions
devlivers are to alveoli (lung gas exchange) provides oxygen to the blood stream removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream produces sounds for communication
The lymphatic System Functions
defends against infection and disease returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream
why is homeostasis important?
it maintains a constant internal equilibrium in order for the cells in the body to live and function properly.
muscular system major organs
skeletal muscles and associated tendons
Tight junction
what are the 3.5 intercellular connections
1. Gap junction (tubular channel proteins: water and ions can pass through) 2. Tight junction (protein hold the lipid layer of two cell membranes together: no leakage) 3. Desmosome (filament proteins at like Velcro: can stretch) .5 Hemidesmosome (links cells to the basal membrane)
The urinary system major organs
kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
cardiovascular system functions
distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste products, oxygen and carbon dioxide distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature (blood dilation)
how are anatomy and physiology related?
knowledge of structure convey information about function. Need to understand the structure to really understand the function.
Female repro function
produces female sex cell(egg) and hormones supports developing embryo from conception to delivery provides milk to nourish newborn infant
Desmosome junction
what is the basal lamina
network of fibers that attaches the epithelial tissue to the connective tissue. Is for protection and a barrier.
What are epithelial tissue characteristics?
cellularity (composed of lots of cells) avascularity (lacks blood vessels but acquires nutrients through diffusion Polarity (orientation is fixed, apical and basal surface) Regeneration (continuously replacing itself) Attachment (attaches to the basal lamina: holds epithelial to the connective tissue underneath)
The digestive system major organs
teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
The digestive system function
processes and digests food absorbs and conserves water absorbs nutrients stores energy reserves
integumentary system organs
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
The male reproductive major organs
testes epididymides ductus deferens seminal vesicles prostate gland penis scrotum
What is physiology?
the study of function of the body parts
The urinary system functions
excretes waste products from the blood controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced stores urine prior to voluntary elimination regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
cardiovascular system major organs
heart blood blood vessels
endocrine system major organs
pituitary gland thyroid gland pancreas adrenal glands gonads (testes and ovaries) endocrine tissues in other systems
Simple epithelia
one layer fragile lines the internal compartment and passage ways
Positive feedback loop
Causes a system to change further in the same direction. increases the deviation from normal ie: labor and the affects of cortisol levels
Section 2
(7 cards)