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Horatio Alger

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (46)

Section 1

(46 cards)

Horatio Alger

Front

Author of novels that all had the same "rags to riches" plot - that anyone could succeed in America if they worked hard enough.

Back

Gilded Age

Front

Time period 1865-1896. Period of American expansion and industrialism also known for over-the-top displays of wealth.

Back

John D. Rockefeller

Front

American industrialist who made his money in the oil industry; created Standard Oil Company; used strategy of horizontal consolidation to create a monopoly.

Back

collective bargaining

Front

negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees

Back

15th Amendment (1870)

Front

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

Back

Horizontal Integration

Front

Path to monopoly where you try to buy out all of your competitors.

Back

Robber Barons

Front

Negative side/interpretation of big businessmen during the Gilded Age (treated workers unfairly and took advantage of others on their path to wealth)

Back

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Front

first attempt by the US government to limit the power of monopolies

Back

Captains of Industry

Front

Positive side/interpretation of big businessmen during the Gilded Age (successful businessmen who also supported their communities).

Back

labor union

Front

an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests

Back

Gospel of Wealth

Front

Book written by Andrew Carnegie, spoke of the responsibility of the rich to share their money with the needy.

Back

Pendleton Act

Front

law that created the Civil Service System

Back

Herbert Spencer

Front

Man who coined the phrase "Survival of the fittest" and related Darwin's theory of evolution to human society.

Back

J.P. Morgan

Front

American banker and financier; created U.S. Steel company.

Back

13th Amendment (1865)

Front

Abolishes and prohibits slavery

Back

referendum

Front

an issue that is decided by popular vote

Back

Thomas Nast

Front

created political cartoons and may of America's most well-known political symbols; many of his cartoons were on the subject of Tammany Hall and political corruption

Back

Monopoly

Front

Having total control of an industry and being the only/main producer of your product.

Back

Haymarket Square Riot

Front

a labor protest rally that turned into deadly after someone, thought to be an anarchist, threw a bomb at police; brought an end to the Knights of Labor

Back

lockout

Front

the exclusion of employees by their employer from their place of work until certain terms are agreed to

Back

political machine

Front

a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses receive rewards for their efforts.

Back

cartel

Front

companies in the same business that agree to fix prices at a particular rate so as not to compete

Back

Segregation

Front

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Back

Whiskey Ring Scandal

Front

over 100 government officials were bribed by distillers to allow illegal breaks on extremely high liquor taxes

Back

Trust

Front

To have a monopoly in their industry, many big businessmen of the late 1800s created this first; what looks like competing companies but they are controlled by virtually the same boards of directors

Back

Vanderbilts

Front

Leading American family of the Gilded Age that made their money in the railroad and shipping industries

Back

strike

Front

refuse to work as a form of organized protest, typically in an attempt to obtain a particular concession or concessions from their employer

Back

recall

Front

a special election to try and remove a public official from office before the end of their term

Back

Pullman Strike

Front

railroad labor protest that ended when the federal government got involved on the side of the railroad

Back

initiative

Front

public petition that proposes legislation

Back

secret ballot/Australian ballot

Front

voting method where a voter's choice of candidate stays confidential

Back

Mugwumps

Front

Republican that switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party to support Grover Cleveland in the election of 1884

Back

graft

Front

illegal use of one's position to gain something of value (ex. money, political power

Back

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Front

stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad formed a company to build railroads and sold shares to Congressmen who pushed for the Union Pacific to build railroads

Back

14th Amendment (1868)

Front

Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the US"; it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws." Most important law ever passed besides original Constitution and Bill of Rights. It has been the vehicle for the expansion of civil rights, women's rights, gay rights among other movements. It also allowed for the "incorporation doctrine" which means the application of the national Bill of Rights to the states.

Back

socialism

Front

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Back

Civil Service System

Front

a system or method of appointing government employees on the basis of competitive examinations, rather than by political patronage

Back

scab

Front

a person who refuses to strike or to join a labor union or who takes over the job responsibilities of a striking worker

Back

Vertical Integration

Front

Path to monopoly where you try to control every step of the supply and production process of your product.

Back

Tammany Hall

Front

New York City's Democratic political machine in the late 1800s

Back

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Front

Established separate but equal, legalized segregation

Back

Boss Tweed

Front

Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine

Back

Social Gospel

Front

idea the wealthy have a responsibility to give back to society

Back

dumbbell tenement

Front

type of building where poor immigrants lived

Back

Andrew Carnegie

Front

American industrialist who made his money in the steel industry; used strategy of vertical integration to create a monopoly

Back

Social Darwinism

Front

The idea that certain people in human society worked harder, adapted better and deserved to be more successful than others.

Back