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AP Psych Visual Anatomy and Sensation

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Section 1

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Feature detectors

Front

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Anatomy Science

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6 years ago

Date created

Mar 1, 2020

Cards (23)

Section 1

(23 cards)

Feature detectors

Front

nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

Back

Accommodation

Front

the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

Back

Parallel processing

Front

processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision

Back

Optic nerve

Front

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Back

Wavelength

Front

the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short blips of gamma rays to the long pulses of radio transmission

Back

Retina

Front

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Back

Ganglion cells

Front

axons twine together to form the optic nerve after they are activated by the bipolar cells

Back

Pupil

Front

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Back

Fovea

Front

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster

Back

Amplitude

Front

height of a wave

Back

Bipolar cells

Front

neural signals sparked by chemical reaction by rods and cones

Back

Cornea

Front

the eye's clear, protective outer layer, covering the pupil and iris

Back

Blind spot

Front

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there

Back

Intensity

Front

the amount of energy in a light wave or sound wave, which influences what we perceive as brightness or loudness. Intensity is determined by the wave's apltitude (height)

Back

Afterimages

Front

visual illusion in which retinal impressions persist after the removal of a stimulus, believed to be caused by the continued activation of the visual system

Back

Hue

Front

the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth

Back

Iris

Front

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

Back

Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory

Front

the theory that the retina contains three different types of color receptors -- one most sensitive to red, one green, one to blue -- which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color

Back

Lens

Front

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Back

Retinal processing

Front

Visual perception occurs at the retina were cones and rods give an image color and shadow. The image is transduced into neural impulses and then transferred through the optic nerve to the rest of the brain for processing.

Back

Opponent-process theory

Front

the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, blue-yellow, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green cells and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green

Back

Cones

Front

retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. Cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

Back

Rods

Front

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond

Back