Section 1
Preview this deck
results
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
4 years ago
Date created
Mar 14, 2020
Cards (173)
Section 1
(50 cards)
results
section of a scientific paper in which the author narrates the experimental findings and presents relevant figures, pictures, diagrams, graphs, and tables, without any further interpretation (Page 39).
serendipity
fortunate accident or a lucky surprise (Page 39).
science
knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method (Page 39).
life science
field of science, such as biology, that studies living things (Page 38).
hypothesis based science
form of science that begins with a specific question and potential testable answers (Page 38).
plagiarism
using other people's work or ideas without proper citation, creating the false impression that those are the author's original ideas (Page 39).
eukaryote
organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles (Page 38).
falsifiable
able to be disproven by experimental results (Page 38).
hypothesis
suggested explanation for an observation, which can be tested (Page 38).
applied science
form of science that aims to solve real-world problems (Page 38).
introduction
opening section of a scientific paper, which provides background information about what was known in the field prior to the research reported in the paper (Page 38).
biochemestry
study of the chemistry of biological organisms (Page 38).
cell
smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things (Page 38).
ecosystem
all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment (Page 38).
organ
collection of related tissues grouped together performing a common function (Page 39).
macromolecule
large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules (Page 38).
biosphere
collection of all the ecosystems on Earth (Page 38).
peer-reviewed manuscript
scientific paper that is reviewed by a scientist's colleagues who are experts in the field of study (Page 39).
paleontology
study of life's history by means of fossils (Page 39).
descriptive science
(also, discovery science) form of science that aims to observe, explore, and investigate (Page 38).
natural science
field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes (Page 39).
materials and methods
section of a scientific paper that includes a complete description of the substances, methods, and techniques used by the researchers to gather data (Page 38).
review article
paper that summarizes and comments on findings that were published as primary literature (Page 39).
organelle
small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions (Page 39).
molecule
chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds (Page 39).
community
set of populations inhabiting a particular area (Page 38).
microbiology
study of the structure and function of microorganisms (Page 39).
inductive reasoning
form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion (Page 38).
atom
smallest and most fundamental unit of matter (Page 38).
physical science
field of science, such as geology, astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter (Page 39).
neurobiology
study of the biology of the nervous system (Page 39).
deductive reasoning
form of logical thinking that uses a general inclusive statement to forecast specific results (Page 38).
botany
study of plants (Page 38).
evolution
process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species and some species become extinct (Page 38).
population
all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area (Page 39).
scientific method
method of research with defined steps that include observation, formulation of a hypothesis, testing, and confirming or falsifying the hypothesis (Page 39).
molecular biology
study of biological processes and their regulation at the molecular level, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins (Page 39).
Basic science
science that seeks to expand knowledge and understanding regardless of the short term application of that knowledge (Page 38).
abstract
opening section of a scientific paper that summarizes the research and conclusions (Page 38).
conclusion
section of a scientific paper that summarizes the importance of the experimental findings (Page 38).
phylogenetic tree
diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both; in essence, a hypothesis concerning evolutionary connections (Page 39).
theory
tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena (Page 39).
homeostasis
ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions (Page 38).
control
part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment (Page 38).
biology
the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments (Page 38).
discussion
section of a scientific paper in which the author interprets experimental results, describes how variables may be related, and attempts to explain the phenomenon in question (Page 38).
tissue
group of similar cells carrying out related functions (Page 39).
organ system
level of organization that consists of functionally related interacting organs (Page 39).
prokaryote
single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane (Page 39).
organism
individual living entity (Page 39).
Section 2
(50 cards)
what is the symbol for sodium
Na
a proton is charged
positive (+1)
what is the Latin name for sodium
natrium
how many man-made occurring elements are there?
26
what is the symbol for nitrogen
N
What percentage of oxygen is in the Earth's crust?
46%
What percentage of nitrogen is in the atmosphere?
78%
usually, an atom have protons, neutrons, and electrons, what is different about hydrogen?
hydrogen has only a proton and an electron (there are no neutrons in hydrogen)
What four elements are common to all living things
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
balanced chemical equation
the number of atoms of each element is the same on each side of the equation
the law of mass action
chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances
What percentage of hydrogen is in the Earth's crust?
.1%
a neutron is charged
neutral (0)
hydrogen bonds occur when
the same kind of molecules are attracted
The innermost shell of an atom can hold
two electrons
variable
part of an experiment that the experimenter can vary or change (Page 39).
chemical bond
interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in the formation of molecules
What does the nucleus contain
protons and neutrons
products
the substances found at the end of the reaction
helium atom
two electrons, two protons, and two nutrons
What are the two regions of the atom?
the nucleus and the outermost region
What percentage of carbon is in the Earth's crust?
trace
what percentage of a human being is oxygen?
65%
metacognition
1. Assess the task—Get a handle on what is involved in completing a task (the steps or components required for success) and any constraints (time, resources). 2. Evaluate your strengths and weaknesses—Evaluate your own skills and knowledge in relation to a task. 3. Plan an approach—Take into account your assessment of the task and your evaluation of your own strengths and weaknesses in order to devise an appropriate plan. 4. Apply strategies and monitor your performance—Continually monitor your progress as you are working on a task, comparing where you are to the goal you want to achieve. 5. Reflect and adjust if needed—Look back on what worked and what didn't work so that you can adjust your approach next time and, if needed, start the cycle again.
what is the symbol for carbon
C
how many naturally occurring elements are there?
92
How are most chemicals symbolized ?
by a single capital letter, or when a capital letter is already being used, a combination of two letters
What percentage of carbon is in a human body
19%
what is the symbol for hydrogen
H
reactants
The substances used in the beginning of a chemical reaction
an electron is charged
negative (-1), very small mass
What percentage of hydrogen is in the Earth's atmosphere?
trace
What percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere?
21%
What percent of the Earth's crust is nitrogen?
trace
compound
they contain atoms of more than one type of element
What percentage of carbon is in the atmosphere?
trace
covalent bonds occur when
atoms share electrons
What percentage of nitrogen is in a human body?
3%
atom
the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element
irreversible
can proceed in one direction until the reactants are all used up
elements
are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
What function do protons and neutrons do
they hold electrons in place
sublimation
a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
What percentage of hydrogen is in a human body?
10%
equilibrium
a certain relative balance between reactants and products occurs
chemical reactions
occur when two or more atoms bond together to form molecules or when bonded atoms are broken apart.
zoology
study of animals (Page 39).
what is the symbol for oxygen
O
What does the outermost region contain
electrons
matter
is any substance that occupies space and has mass
Section 3
(50 cards)
atomic number
total number of protons in an atom
deposition
a change directly from the gaseous to the solid state without becoming liquid
electrolyte
ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions and water balance
buffer
substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
hydrophobic
describes uncharged non-polar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water
law of mass action
chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances
electron
negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital
anion
negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons
neutron
uncharged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu
calorie
amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius
evaporate
to change to a gaseous state
acid
molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
heat of vaporization of water
high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor
mass number
total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
enantiomers
molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other
adhesion
attraction between water molecules and other molecules
covalent bond
type of strong bond formed between two of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms
aliphatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms
dissociation
release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH
capillary action
occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes
ionic bond
chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)
hydrocarbon
molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen
electron configuration
arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shell
cohesion
intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension
functional group
group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton
hydrophilic
describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water
atomic mass
calculated mean of the mass number for an element's isotopes
base
molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
cation
positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons
inert gas
(also, noble gas) element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms
isotope
different form of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
element
one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons
atomic number
total number of protons in an atom
electron transfer
movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creation of ionic bonds
electronegativity
ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms
nonpolar covalent bond
type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them
base
molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
hydrogen bond
weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms to slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules
irreversible chemical reaction
chemical reaction where reactants proceed uni-directionally to form products
noble gas
inert gas
chemical reactivity
the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other
chemical reaction
process leading to the rearrangement of atoms in molecules
litmus paper
(also, pH paper) filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes so it can be used as a pH indicator
radioisotopes
isotopes that emit neutrons, protons, and electrons to attain a more stable atomic configuration
atomic mass
calculated mean of the mass number for an element's isotopes
ion
atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons
evaporation
separation of individual molecules from the surface of a body of water, leaves of a plant, or the skin of an organism
geometric isomer
isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms alongside a double covalent bond
isomer
molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula
electron orbital
how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where an electron is most likely to be found
Section 4
(23 cards)