Section 1
Preview this deck
Complementarity
Front
| 5 | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | ||
| 3 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 0 | ||
| 1 | 0 |
Active users
0
All-time users
0
Favorites
0
Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (88)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Complementarity
The actual or potential relationships between two places, usually referring to economic interactions. ex. us and china
Fuller projection
A type of map projection that maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges direction such that the four cardinal directions--north, south, east, and west--no longer have any meaning.
Hierarchical Diffusion
A type of diffusion in which something is transmitted between places, because of a physical or cultural community between those places. ex. Christianity
Cartography
The theory and practice of making visual representations of the Earth's surface in the form of maps. ex. different projections
Longitude
The angular distance east or west of the prime meridian, defined by lines of longitude, or meridians.
Location Charts
On a map, a chart or graph that gives specific statistical information about a particular political unit or jurisdiction.
Azimuthal projection
a map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface.
Functional region
definition of regions based on common interaction (or function). ex. A boundary line drawn around the circulation of a particular newspaper.
Law of Retail Gravitation
A law stating that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business since larger cities have a wider influence on the surrounding hinterlands.
Cartograms
A type of thematic map that transforms space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area.
George Perkins Marsh
An inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar, his classic work, Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modifies by Human Action, provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions.
Dot maps
Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births.
Connectivity
the degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places ex. some places & phenomena are connected more than others due to distance, population size, available resources, population, and culture
Anthropogenic
human-induced changes on the natural environment. ex. pollution
Geographic scale
the scale at which a geographer analyzes a particular phenomenon. Generally, the finer the scale of analysis, the richer the level of detail in findings. ex. global, national, census tract, neighborhood, etc.
Intervening Opportunities
If one place has a demand for some good or service and two places have a supply of equal price and quality, the supplier closer to the buyer will represent an intervening opportunity, thereby blocking the third from being able to share its supply of goods and services. Intervening opportunities are frequently used because transportation costs usually decrease with proximity. ex. If West Virginia, which is closer in absolute distance to the large cities of the eastern seaboard than Florida, had a warm, subtropical climate appropriate for growing citrus fruits, West Virginia would probably ship those products to the Northeast.
Human Geography
The study of the spatial variation in the patterns and processes related to human activity.
Gravity Model
A mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places, based on the size of their populations and their distance from each other. ex. Los Angels and New York
Choropleth map
A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area.
Latitude
The angular distance north or south of the equator, defined by lines of latitude or parallels.
International Date Line
The line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian.
Natural Landscape
The physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities. ex. some random untouched forest
Isoline
A map line that connects points of equal or very similar values.
Eratosthenes
The head librarian at Alexandria during the third century B.C.; one of the first cartographers. Performed a remarkably accurate computation of Earth's circumference. He is also credited with coining the term geography.
Fertile crescent
The name given to the crescent-shaped area of fertile land stretching from the lower Nile Valley along the east Mediterranean coast and into Syria and present-day Iraq where agriculture and early civilization first began about 8000 B.C.
Cultural ecology
Also called Nature-Society Geography, the study of the interactions between societies and the natural environments in which they live.
Map scale
The ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of that same area on Earth's surface.
Accessibility
The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place. ex. I prefer to go to the smaller mall because it has much better accessibility than the downtown mall.
Cognitive map
An image of a portion of Earth's surface that an individual creates in his or her min. Cognitive maps can include knowledge of actual locations and relationships among locations as well as personal perceptions and preferences of particular places.
Distance decay effect
The decrease in interaction between two phenomena, places, or people as the distance between them increases.
Coordinate system
A standard grid, composed of lines of latitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object, place, or feature on Earth's surface.
Formal region
definition of regions based on common themes such as similarities in language, climate, land use, etc. ex. United Sates, Russia, or China
Map Projection
A mathematical method that involves transferring Earth's sphere onto a flat surface. This term can also be used to describe the type of map that results from the process of projecting. All map projections have distortions in area, direction, distance, or shape. ex. Robinson projection
Contagious diffusion
The spread of a disease, an innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place. ex. Hinduism started in Northern India and spread through the entire Indian subcontinent absorbing other beliefs and practices as it spread. Hindu Missionaries carried the faith oversees
Breaking point
The outer edge of a city's sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city's hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supplies. ex. beyond the breaking point, another city's sphere of influence begins.
Earth system science
A systematic approach to physical geography that looks at the interaction between Earth's physical systems and processes on a global scale.
Geographic information systems (GIS)
A set of computer tools used to capture, store, transform, analyze, and display geographic data.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
A set of satellites used to help determine location anywhere on Earth's surface with a portable electronic device.
Large Scale
A relatively small ratio between map units and ground units. Large-scale maps usually have higher resolution and cover much smaller regions than small-scale maps.
Cultural landscape
The human-modified natural landscape specifically containing the imprint of a particular culture or society.
Idiographic
Pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place. ex. history and ethnic composition
Geoid
the actual shape of the Earth, which is tough and oblate, or slightly squashed. Earth's diameter is longer along the equator than along the north-south meridians.
Absolute distance
A distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length. ex. mile or a kilometer.
Friction of distance
A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places. ex. you might walk a couple of blocks to grab a sandwich, but you probably would not walk all the way across town.
Expansion diffusion
The spread of ideas, innovations, fashion, or other phenomena to surrounding areas through contact and exchange.
Environmental geography
The intersection between human and physical geography, which explores the spatial impacts humans have on the physical environment and vice versa. ex. pollution and oil spills
Meridian
A line of longitude that runs north-south. All lines of longitude are equal in length and intersect at the poles.
Absolute location
The exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinates of a grid system. ex. a bounding line drawn around the circulation of a particular newspaper
Mercator Projection
A true conformal cylindrical map projection, the Mercator projection is particularly useful for navigation since it maintains accurate direction. Mercator projections are famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses at the poles appear oversized.
Aggregation
the level at which you group things together for examination ex. the smaller the area that is being represented, such as a country or neighborhood, the "finer" the study's (map's) level of aggregation.
Section 2
(38 cards)