Section 1
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Hepatic System:
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Last updated
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Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (118)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Hepatic System:
circulation in which the hepatic portal vein carries dissolved nutirents to the liver tissues for processing
In vitro:
In a test tube, glass, or artificial environment
Inflammation:
Nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue injury, including dilation of blood vessels
Isotonic solution:
Water moves in and out of cell because equilibrium has already been established
Prokaryotes:
Unicellular organisms w/out a membrane around the nucleus
Gray matter:
neural tissue of the brain and spinal cord that contains nerve-cell bodies as well as nerve fibers
Immune system:
System whose components attack foreign substances or prevent their entry into the body
Golgi apparatus:
Membranous system close to the cell nucleus that packages protein secretions for export
Hormones:
steroidal or amino acid-based molecules released into the blood that act as chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions
Genotype:
Genetic makeup
Hypertonic solution:
Solution having a lower water concentration than a solution to which it is compared
Joule:
Unit of energy equal to 0.239 calorie
Lymphatic System:
System of thin-walled vessels similar to the blood capillaries, which serve to collect lymph fluid from tissues and organs and to transport the fluid to the venous circulation
Isomers:
Several molecules with same composition but different structures
Kinetic energy:
Energy of motion
Four types of human tissue:
Epithelial, connective, nervous and muscular tissue
Muscular system:
Consists of only skeletal muscles to produce movement
Osmosis:
Water molecules moving down the concentration gradient
The three types of Muscle tissue:
Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
Homozygous:
An offspring whose has been given the same allele by both parents
Hypertonic:
concentration outside is higher that inside (water move out of cell to establish equilibrium)
Passive transport:
Cell expendes NO energy for movement of substances
Integumentary system:
The skin-Protects & waterproofs body; helps regulate body temperature
Passive transport:
Diffusion-transfer of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Genome:
One haploid set of chromosomes with the genes they contain
Golgi apparatus:
Modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes
Skeletal System:
Provides support & protection; supplies the framework for muscle tissue and stores minerals
Hypotonic:
Concentration outside the cell is lower than inside cell (water moves out of cell to establish equilibrium)
Golgi apparatus:
Packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use
Alleles:
Alternative form of genes
Structures of the Endocrine System:
Pineal, Pituitary, thyroid, thymus and adrenal glands, pancreas, testes and ovaries
Heterozygous:
An offspring who has NOT been given the same allele by both parents.
Ionization:
Adding or subtracting electrons from an atom
Hemoglobin:
Oxygen-transporting component of erythrocytes
Inspiration:
Process of breathing in
Endocrine System:
Controls some bodily functions (much slower that NS)
Connective tissue:
Normally has its own blood supply
Active transport:
Cell expends energy in movement of substances
Gene:
A section of DNA that controls a particular genetic trait on a chromosome
Inoculation:
Placement of bacteria onto a culture medium
Eukaryotes:
Cells with a membrane around the nucleus
Genetics:
The study of how traits are transported from parent ot offspring; aka-heredity
Lipid:
Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Facilitated diffusion:
Molecules are diffused across a cell membrane by special proteins called carrier proteins
Smooth muscle:
is under involuntary control
Krebs cycle:
Aerobic metabolic pathway occurring within mitochondria, in which food metabolites are oxidized and CO2 is liberated, and coenzymes are reduced
Structures of the Skeletal System:
bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints
Structures of the Nervous System:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors
Genetic code:
rules by which the base sequence of a DNA gene is translated into protein structures
Nervous System:
Bodys control system; detects internal and external stimuli and activates appropriate response
Section 2
(50 cards)
Photosynthesis:
Energy-making reaction in plants
Milliequivalent per liter:
units used to measure electrolyte concentrations of body fluids
Ionic bond:
Bonds between positive and negative ions
Moving:
Muscular system used in Cardio, digestive, reproductive, urinary & respiratory systems
Atomic number:
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Oxidation reaction:
An atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positive charge
Quantitative measurement:
When numerical results are used
Phototropism:
Growth response of plants to light
Monosaccharide:
A simple sugar that can't be broken down by hydrolysis (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Exergonic reaction:
A chemical reaction that yields a net release of free energy
Pathogen:
Disease causing microorganism
Growing:
All systems
Osmotic pressure:
Force produced by the pressure of water diffusing through a semipermeable membrane
Peripheral Nervous System:
portion of NS consisting of nerves and ganglia that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord
Excretion:
Digestive and urinary system
Respiratory System:
Two main functions are to supply cells with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Reproductive System:
Main purpose is to produce offspring
Responds to environmental change:
Nervous System
Percision:
A reflection of how close multiple measurements are to one another
Operant conditioning:
A method of using rewards to train an animal to perform tasks that aren't inate
Reduction-oxidation reactions:
Chemical reactions that result in the transference of electrons
Maintaining boundaries:
Integumentary system
Mitosis:
Process of cell duplication-daughter cells receieve same nuclear material as original cell
Nephron:
structural and functional unit of the kidney
Mechanical energy:
Energy directly involved in moving matter
Ventral body cavity:
Contains the structures within the chest and abdomen
Mole:
6.02 x 10^23 (one unit of anything)
Structures of the Cardiovascular System:
Heart, blood vessels and blood
Digestive system:
Breaks down food to allow nutrients into blood for circulation through the body
Structures of the Digestive System:
Liver, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, small & large intesting and rectum
Motor Neurons:
Special nerve cells that transmit impulses to the muscles
Vacume:
Empty space w/no particles and no pressure
Metabolism:
digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular and endocrine systems
Macrophage:
Protective cell type common in connective & lymphatic tissue and certain body organs
Cardiovascular System:
Travel system for many substances necessary for the body
Density:
Mass of an object in relation to its volume
Urinary System:
Helps to maintain water & salt balances, regulates acid-base balance in blood, removes all nitrogen-containing wastes from body
Structures of the Respiratory System:
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea bronchi & lungs
Qualitative measurement:
When description or qualities are reported
Endergonic reaction:
A reaction yields a net absorption of free energy
Molar Mass:
The mass in grams of a substance
Reproduction:
Reproductive and endocrine system
Four stages of metamorphosis:
Egg, larva, pupa & adult
Dorsal body cavity:
contains the cranial cavity and spinal column
Reduction reaction:
An atom gains one or more electrons, resulting in a negative charge
Structures of the Lymphatic System:
Lymp nodes and vessels, the spleen and thoracic duct
Mucous membranes:
Membranes that form the lining of body cavities open to the exterior
Ingestion & digestion:
Digestive system & cardiovascular system
Mast cells:
Immune cells that function to detect foreign substances in tissue spaces; initate local inflammatory responses
Lymphatic System:
Purpose is to return fluid that has leaked from the cardiovascular system to the blood vessels
Section 3
(18 cards)