Section 1
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Homogeneous mixture
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Cards (90)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Homogeneous mixture
A mixture that is uniform in composition; componentsare evenly distributed are not easily distinguished Ex: oil and vinegar
Solution
A homogeneous mixture; consists of solutes disolved in a solvent
chemical reaction
a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products; characterized by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
atomic radius
one - half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined The trend: left to right- increases down to up- increases
Vapor
Describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temp
element
simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties; an element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means ex; carbon
Volume
A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter; SI units millilitters
Physical property
A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measure without changing the substances composition Ex: hardness, color, conductivity,and malleability
anion
any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge
compound
a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Liquid
A form of matter that flows, has an indefinite shape and fixed volume
periodic law
when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
Law of conservation of mass
in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can be neither created nor destroyed
electron dot structure
a notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element; the symbol represents the inner electrons and atomic nucleus; also called the Lewis dot structure
Mixture
A pysical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined Ex: sand and water
non metal
an element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; nonmetals generally have properties opposite to those of metals; found all the way on the right of the periodic table
reactant
a substance present at the start of a reaction
period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
alkali metals
any metal in group 1a of the periodic table; ex: Na, Li, K
Solid
A form of matter that has a dedinite shape and volume
Chemical change
A change that produces matter with a different compositionthat the original matter Ex: bike turning into rust
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state trend: (period) left to right - increases (group) top to bottom- decreases
phase
any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
alkali earth metals
any metal in group 2a of the periodic table ex: Be, Mg, Sr
Atomic orbital
A mathematical expression describing the probablility of finding an electron at various locations , usually representedby the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probablity of finding an electron
Heterogeneous
Mixture that is not uniform in composition; componentsare not evenly distributed throughout the mixture Ex: hard boil rggs in water
Electrons
Negatively charged subatomic particle
halogens
a nonmetal in group 7a of the period table F, Cl, Br, I
Gas
A form if matter that takes up shape and volume of its container; A gas has no definite shape or volume
cation
any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge
bohr model
describes how electrons have orbits around the nucleus
Mass number
The total number of protons and neuteons in the nucleus of an atom
chemical symbol
one-or-two letter representation of an element
ion
an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
valence electrons
an electron in the highest occupied energy level of an atom
group
vertical column of electrons in the periodic table
product
a substance produced in a chemical reaction
Physical change
A change during which some properfies of a materal change, but the compositionof the material does not change Ex: cutting a piece of paper
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
Proton
A postively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge and a mass of 1 amu; found in the nucleus of an atom
nobel gas
an element in group 8a of the periodic table; the s and p sub levels of the highest occupied energy level are filled ex: He, Ne, Ar, Kr,
metal
one of a class of elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current; metals tend to be ductile and maleable and shiny; found in the periodic table on the left side
electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound trend: left to right- increases down to up- increases
transition metals
one of the group B elements in which the highest occupied s sub level and a nearby d sub level generally contain electrons ex: Al, Sn, Pb
hund's rule
electron's occupy orbitals of the same energy in what that makes the number or electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible
Mass
A measure of a amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram
chemical property
the ability to substance to undergo a specific chemical change
Electron configuration
the arrangement of electrons if an atom in its ground stay into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms Ex: 1s2 2s2
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that remains its identity in a chemical reaction
Section 2
(40 cards)