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Osteoclasts
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Last updated
6 years ago
Date created
Mar 1, 2020
Cards (51)
Section 1
(50 cards)
Osteoclasts
giant multinucleate cells located at sites of bone resorption( break down of bone)
endochondral ossification process
-primary ossification center is in the diaphysis -secondary ossification center is in the epiphyses -bone replaces all cartilage except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates
Trochanter
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on the femur)
Tubercle
Small rounded projection or process
Articulate cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints
intramembranous bones
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, clavicle bones
intramembranous ossification process
1. Osteoblasts begin secreting a matrix forming an ossification center. 2. Osteoblasts become trapped in the matrix and turn into osteocytes 3. Blood vessels are trapped by the formation of spicules. 4. Spongey bone forms then compact bone.
Periosteum
white, double-layered membrane that covers external surfaces except joints
Central (Haversian) Canal
runs through core of osteon, contains blood vessels and nerve fibers
notch
indentation at the edge of a structure
Condyle
rounded articular projection, often articulates with a corresponding fossa
Tuberosity
Large rounded projection; may be roughened
Fossa
Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
groove
furrow
osteogenic cells
stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts Active stem cells
red marrow
produces blood cells
spine
sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Classify bones according to their shapes and name an example from each group.
Long bones: longer than they ate wide (limb bones) Short bones: cube shaped bones ( wrist , ankle) Flat bones: thin, flat slightly curved ( sternum , scapulae, skull bones) Irregular bones: complicated shapes ( vertebrae thin bones)
yellow marrow
stores fat can convert to red if person becomes anemic
Osteon
structural unit of compact bone
bone lining cells
flat cells on bone surfaces believed to also help maintain matrix
Identify the functions of skeletal system
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
medullary cavity
In new borns, and all spongy bone contains red bone marrow
Perforating canals
Canals lined with endosteum at right angles to central canal Connect blood vessels and nerves of periosteum, medullary cavity, and central canal
Endosteum
delicate connective tissue membrane that covers internal bone surfaces
endochondrial bones
develop from hyaline cartilage structures
Line
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
sinus
Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
ramus
An extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure
epiphesis
Ends of a long bones that consist of compact bone externally and spongy bone internally
spongy bone
made up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone called trabeculae
epiphyseal plate
Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies
Meatus
canal-like passageway
chest
Narrow ridge of bones usually prominent
Foramen
Round or oval opening through a bone
compact bone
dense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid
Lacunae
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells that secrete unmineralized bone matrix called osteoid
process of bone growth
ossification
facet
smooth, nearly flat articular surface
osteocytes
a bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
epiphiseal line
Between diaphysis and epiphysis
fissure
Narrow, slitlike opening
Canaliculi
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Trochlea
a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley
process
any bony prominence
nutrient foramen
small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment
Diaphysis
shaft of bone
neck
A narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis
head
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Section 2
(1 card)